Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo Nezokudoba wesifunda, kusukela ngoJulayi 20, abalimi bendawo bavune cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80 amazambane okuqala (kusukela ngalolu suku ngo-2021 - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-56) ngesivuno esimaphakathi esingu-350 c/ha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwansuku zonke ekuqoqweni kulezi zinsuku kungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-3,5-5.
Akukho okunamandla ukuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo yemifino. Kusukela namuhla, ifinyelele amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-19,3, okuyi-8% ngaphezu kuka-2021 (amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-17,9). Kulesi sigaba, ukwanda kwansuku zonke kungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1-1,5.
Iklabishi (amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-12,4 - + 21% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021) kanye namakhukhamba (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-3 - + 19%) okwamanje abusa. Kukhona nezinkomba ezinhle kakhulu ze-zucchini, upelepele, ulethisi kanye nesitshalo seqanda - sekukonke kwavunwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezi-3,6, okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1,5 kunehlobo eledlule (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2,4).
Utamatisi awubonakali kahle - uvunwe amathani angama-300 kuphela, okungamaphesenti angama-26 esibalo sangonyaka odlule. Kodwa lapha, njengoba kuqinisekiswe uMnyango Wezolimo, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka: esifundeni sase-Astrakhan, ukugcizelelwa kukatamatisi kusezinhlotsheni eziphuzile, ezivunwa ngo-August-September.
Isivuno saseYurophu
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje abalimi bezambane le-Astrakhan bathole imiphumela emibi kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezitshalo zezimpande. Ikakhulukazi mayelana nokukhiqiza.
Ngokwezibalo, ama-85% amazambane aseRussia atshalwa ezindaweni ezingaphansi nasemapulazini. Futhi uma emabhizinisini amakhulu ezolimo isivuno esijwayelekile singama-240-300 centner ngehektha ngalinye, khona-ke kubalimi, njengomthetho, kufika ku-170 centners ngehektha ngalinye, ezindlini zasendlini - kufika ku-150 centners per hectare. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi, ngokusho kwalesi sibonakaliso, abaholi yizo zifunda lapho ukugcinwa kwezolimo kutholakala khona - izifunda zaseTatarstan, Bashkiria, Voronezh, Samara, Penza, lapho isivuno sisebangeni lika-280-300 c/ha.
Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, isifunda sase-Astrakhan esinezinga elifinyelela ku-350 centner ngehektha ngalinye siyi-Europe yangempela. Futhi lokhu akuyona i-hyperbole. Vele, ama-Astrakhans akakwazi ukuncintisana nabaholi bamazambane bezwe Elidala mayelana nokukhiqiza (eNetherlands, isivuno singama-447 centners / ha, France - 432 centners / ha, Belgium - 423 centners / ha, Germany 423 centners / ha), kodwa siphakeme kunamazwe anehlobo elifanayo elishisayo nelomile - iSpain (281 c/ha), iPortugal (270 c/ha), i-Italy (255 c/ha).
Umnikeli omkhulu wamazambane
Futhi nakuba izindawo ezingaphansi kwamazambane esifundeni sase-Astrakhan zingezinkulu, kodwa ngenxa yesivuno esikhulu esishiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwamazambane esifundeni (ngaphakathi kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50-55), ithola umkhiqizo omkhulu. Lokhu kuvumela isifunda sase-Astrakhan ukuthi sibe phakathi kwezifunda ezinikela ngamazambane kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, futhi kuma-20s aleli khulu leminyaka - kwabangu-5 abaphezulu.
Futhi manje cishe ama-85% amazambane athunyelwa ngaphandle kwesifunda. Izifunda eziyinhloko zabathengi bezitshalo zezimpande ze-Astrakhan yizifunda zaseMoscow, iLeningrad neSverdlovsk. Angaphezu kuka-3 amathani amazambane asethunyelwe eBelarus naseKazakhstan.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamazambane ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yi-Riviera, Colomba, Red Scarlett, Arizona, Newton, Collete, Rosara, Memphis, La Strada.
Izintengo ezikhangayo
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi eminye imikhiqizo yemifino yesifunda sase-Astrakhan idingeka kakhulu. Imifino eminingi ye-Astrakhan ithuthelwa ezifundeni ezintathu okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili, kanye naseBelarus (cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2,8).
Ngendlela, isifunda sase-Astrakhan futhi siyisifunda esinikela ngemifino. Isikhundla, vele, asibalulekile njengamazambane, kepha isifunda siphezulu kwama-20. Futhi futhi, ngenxa yesivuno esiphezulu semifino eminingi, okuyirekhodi eSifundazweni SaseNingizimu (idatha ka-2021): ukhukhamba ovulekile - 374 centners / ha, utamatisi ovulekile - 642 centners / ha, iklabishi - 438 centners / ha, amakhabe namagaba - 377 q/ha.
Abathengi abakhangwa kuphela ngekhwalithi yemikhiqizo, kodwa namanani aphansi. Ngakho-ke, iklabishi inikezwa ngama-ruble angu-7-10/kg, esezingeni langonyaka odlule, namakhukhamba - ngama-ruble angu-18-20/kg, okungaba yingxenye yezinga lentengo lika-2021.
Isifunda sase-Astrakhan siyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ama-steppe expanses ngokugxila emkhakheni wezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni kwesizini, indawo etshaliwe yamazambane nemifino inyuke ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2,4 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021.