Ngo-2021, abalimi bezitshalo baseRussia basongelwa ubungozi obukhulayo besomiso - izindawo zokugcina umswakama zehlile cishe kuzo zonke izifunda ezikhiqiza okusanhlamvu engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe, kulandela idatha yokuqapha isikhala etholwe yi-National Union of Agricultural Insurers.
"I-NSA icela izinhlaka zesifunda ze-agro-industrial complex kanye nabalimi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia ukuthi banake ngokukhethekile isidingo sokusebenzisa izindlela ze-agrotechnology okuhloswe ngazo ukonga umswakama emhlabathini kanye nokuqinisekisa izitshalo. Ngisho noma isimo semvula sibuyela emuva ezinyangeni ezi-3-4 ezizayo, kwezinye izifunda kuzothatha isikhathi ukubuyisela izinga lomswakama ongqimbeni olulinywayo, "kusho uMongameli weNyunyana uKorney Bizhdov, ephawula ngemiphumela.
I-NSA yahlaziya isimo somswakama onqwabelene enhlabathini engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela ekwindla kusukela ngo-August kuya kuNovemba ngonyaka odlule. Ukwengeza kulokhu isilinganiso senkomba efanayo esikhathini kusukela ekuqaleni kobusika - kusukela ngoDisemba 1, 2020 kuya kuJanuwari 10. "Imiphumela ibukeka iphazamisa," kuphawula uMongameli we-NSA uKorney Bizhdov. - Ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela izitshalo zasebusika, cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseNingizimu, Isikhungo kanye nengxenye enkulu yesifunda saseVolga, izinga lomswakama wenhlabathi lancishiswa uma liqhathaniswa nenani elijwayelekile leminyaka eyi-10 eyedlule. Engxenyeni enkulu yale ndawo, ukwehla kusukela ku-20% kuya ku-50%. Maphakathi noJanuwari, isimo sasingakashintshi ngokuyisisekelo. Mayelana nalokhu, kunovalo lokuthi lezo zimo zezulu ezivele ngo-2020 seziholele ekulahlekeni kwezitshalo kanye nezinkinga zokuhlwanyela ekwindla ezifundeni eziningi ziyaqhubeka nokukhula. ”
Ekwindla eningizimu naseCentral Chernozem esifundeni, ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, izinsuku zokuhlwanyela kwadingeka zishintshwe. NgoNovemba 25, kwaqoshwa izinga eliphezulu lezitshalo zasebusika ezisesimweni esingesihle eRussia: 22%, kuyilapho ezindaweni eziningi ezifundeni zaseNingizimu kanye neSikhungo Samasiko Ezolimo, azizange zihlume ezindaweni ezakha. kusuka ku-30% kuya ku-80% wendawo etshalwe ekwindla. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ekuqaleni kukaDisemba ezifundeni zaseNyakatho Caucasia naseSouthern federal, i-40% ne-36% yezitshalo zasebusika, ngokulandelana, ayizange ihlume noma isesimweni esibi. NgoJanuwari 13, umbusi waseStavropol Territory, uVladimir Vladimirov, umemezele isimo esibucayi sezitshalo zasebusika: 80% wezithombo zisesimweni esibi.
Ngokwezinhlelo zokuqapha ze-NSA, ngesikhathi sezolimo sasekwindla (kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuNovemba), ukwehla kwezinga lomswakama kwabonwa engxenyeni eyinhloko yendawo ekhiqiza okusanhlamvu yaseYurophu yeRussian Federation: kusukela emagqumeni aseCaucasus. Ibanga eningizimu (Krasnodar, Stavropol Territory nabanye) kuya Nizhny Novgorod futhi Ivanovo izifunda enyakatho, kusukela Kursk futhi Oryol izifunda entshonalanga Orenburg esifundeni kanye Republic of Tatarstan, Udmurtia kanye Bashkiria empumalanga.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuntuleka komswakama kwakuzwakala kakhulu esifundeni saseCentral Chernozem - yonke indawo yesifunda saseVoronezh, iningi lezifunda zase-Oryol, eKursk, eBelgorod naseTambov, lapho inkomba ehambisanayo yehle ngo-20-30% uma iqhathaniswa ne iminyaka eyishumi evamile. Esifundeni saseVolga, ingxenye yezifunda zaseTatarstan, Mordovia naseChuvashia, kanye nezifunda zase-Orenburg, Penza, Samara, Saratov kanye ne-Ulyanovsk zazisendaweni yokwehla ngo-20-30%. ENingizimu, i-Krasnodar Territory kanye neSifunda saseRostov babukeka bephumelele kakhulu kunomakhelwane babo: ukwehla akuzange kudlule ububanzi be-10-20%, kuyilapho e-Stavropol Territory, esifundeni saseVolgograd naseRiphabhulikhi yaseKalmykia, ukuntuleka komswakama. uma kuqhathaniswa nenkambiso yeminyaka eyishumi ibishubile ngokwedlulele futhi ihluka ukusuka ku-20 ukuya kwamashumi amahlanu%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkomba yezitshalo zezitshalo (NDVI) kusukela ngoNovemba 50 ibonise ukungabikho okubonakalayo kwezithombo ezisebenzayo cishe kuzo zonke izifunda ze-Southern Federal District kanye neNorth Caucasus Federal District.
NgoJanuwari 10, isimo esinemvula enqwabelanayo saqala ukuba ngcono esifundeni saseCentral Chernozem. Ezifundeni zaseBelgorod, Oryol, Kursk, Tambov, kanye nengxenye yeVoronezh neRostov, izinga lokushoda komswakama ophezulu lehla lisuka ku-30% laya ku-20% no-10%, kuye ngesifunda.
"Isimo esifanayo kakhulu sabonwa ngonyaka odlule, ngezinga elincane kuphela," kugcizelela uKorney Bizhdov. “Ngalokho, ezifundeni eziningi ngonyaka odlule izilimo zabulawa isomiso kanye nesithwathwa sasentwasahlobo. Izinkokhelo zomshwalense kubalimi ngezitshalo ezilahlekile eStavropol naseKuban kuphela zaba okungenani ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-2020 ngo-1,2. Ukulahleka kwezitshalo namadlelo ngezinga elikhulu ngo-2020 kwaqoshwa naseCrimea, amariphabhulikhi e-Ingushetia naseKalmykia, iVolgograd kanye ne-Saratov izifunda, ukulahlekelwa kwaphawulwa kwezinye izifunda eziningi. Ukuhlwanyela kwasebusika kwesivuno sika-2021 kuphinde kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo zokushoda kwemvula - endaweni enkulu nakakhulu kunonyaka odlule. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu se-agro-climate ukuze sibe ngcono kusengenzeka, kodwa kulezo zindawo lapho umswakama womhlabathi uncipha, kubalulekile ukulungiselela isimo esingenathemba, okuhlanganisa nezitshalo zasentwasahlobo. "
"Naphezu kokulahlekelwa kwabalimi eNingizimu yeRussia, izifunda eziningi zase-Urals, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, ngo-2020 iRussia yathola isivuno sesibili esikhulu kunazo zonke esake saqopha umlando esifinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-132,9," kusho uMongameli we-NSA uKorney. I-Bizhdov. - Lokhu kukhombisa umkhawulo wokuphepha oqoqiwe kwezolimo. Kubalulekile ukuyigcina, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izimo ze-agro-climate ezitholakala ngonyaka ozayo. Kuhlanganisa nomshwalense we-agro-risk”.