Ibhodi lokuhlela likamagazini i-Potato System laveza i-athikili emayelana nokuthi yikuphi ukupakisha kwanamuhla kwamazambane nemifino okufanele kube khona ekuqaleni konyaka we-2020. Ngingathanda ukucabanga ngezindlela zemikhiqizo yokupakisha emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, ukunakwa kwamabhizinisi angaphandle emvelweni, ukwenqatshwa kwepulasitiki kanye nethemba lokuthuthukiswa kwale mibono emhlabathini waseRussia. Kepha kwaqubuka ubhadane futhi umhlaba washintsha. Yiziphi izixazululo ezihlale zisebenza?
UKUQHUBEKA KOKUGCINA
«Eqinisweni, - kuchaza uVera Bokareva, umqeqeshi webhizinisi, umxhumanisi, isazi esizimele semakethe yokupakisha kanye nesikhulumi esijwayelekile semicimbi yezimboni ehlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wokupakisha, - izinkampani ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, amaketanga aziwa kakhulu ezitolo, okuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje amemezele isidingo sokwakha isiko lokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanelekile futhi enza nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza i-100% yokuphinda isetshenziswe kabusha, azilahlile izinhlelo zazo futhi ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuhambisana nezinhlelo ezazenziwe ngaphambili futhi zamukelwa. Umkhuba wokusimama mude. Lokhu kufakazelwa yizinhlelo eziningi zamazwe, ezikhombisa izinhlelo ezihambisanayo kuze kube ngu-2025 nango-2030. ".
Yize kungenakushiwo ukuthi ubhadane aluthintanga nhlobo umkhakha wokupakisha. Okokuqala, isimo sengqondo ngokupakisha kwe-polymer sishintshile - eRussia nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ubuntu abukakatholi indlela ephephile yokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza okunenzuzo.
Yini engalindelwa ngokuzayo? UVera Bokareva uphawula ukuthi emphakathini womhlaba isihloko sokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezinsizakusebenza nokuvikelwa kwemvelo sizohlala singesesifanele kakhulu iminyaka eminingi. Kukhona izixazululo eziningi ezithokozisayo emakethe yaseYurophu: abakhiqizi bazama ukusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha, ukuthandwa kokufakwa emgqonyeni wezitshalo (kususelwa kummbila, izimila zasolwandle, ikhasi likatamatisi, umhlanga we-sunflower, njll.) Kuyakhula. Izakhiwo zokukhiqiza ziyakhiwa, hhayi eYurophu kuphela, kepha nasemazweni ase-Asia.
Ngeshwa, iRussia isesemuva kakhulu kulokhu, ikakhulukazi uma sikhuluma ngqo ngokufakwa kwezithelo nemifino. Isizathu esiyinhloko, ngokombono wochwepheshe, ukuthi uhulumeni namaketanga okuthengisa awabeki izidingo eziqinile ekulandelweni kokupakishwa namazinga ezemvelo. Ukwehliswa kwezindleko kuhlala kuyinselelo enkulu kubakhiqizi baseRussia lapho bekhetha ukupakisha.
OKUQAQAMILE INANI
Lokhu, kunjalo, akumangazi. Abakhiqizi bamazambane nemifino abanayo imali eyengeziwe: amanani emikhiqizo ahlala ephansi iminyaka eminingana, amanani okushintshisana (kanye nazo izindleko zazo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo) ziyakhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okuthenga ezweni asezingeni lokuthi umuntu kufanele acabange ngokuya ngokuthi ukupakisha kuyadingeka yini?
Futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe- "eco-materials" ezweni lethu akwenziwa, okusho ukuthi kubiza kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Uma kukhona umkhiqizo onjalo emakethe nhlobo.
«Izinto ezithinta imvelo zitholakala kalula eRussia, - UVera Bokareva uyaphawula. - Abakhiqizi basekhaya abakabi nandaba nazo njengamazwe athuthukile aseYurophu, kepha isisombululo singatholakala. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungadinga ukufunda ukubheka izinto ngokwamasu. Ake sithi inkampani yayijwayele ukupakisha imikhiqizo yayo kumathileyi e-polypropylene, manje yathatha isinqumo sokubheka indawo ezongenela imvelo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke kwenzeke ukuthola i-analogue ephelele. Kepha ungasebenzisa i-pulpercarton (into esetshenziswa ezweni lethu, ngokwesibonelo, ekukhiqizeni amaseli amaqanda), lo mkhiqizo osetshenzisiwe uhlangabezana nezidingo zemvelo.
Noma ngabe ubheka ezinye izinketho ezingajwayelekile, akubekelwa eceleni ukuthi bazobiza udenariyu omuhle: ngokwesibonelo, amafilimu akhethekile abolayo asuselwa ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zommbila, ngokusho kokunye ukulinganisela, namuhla kubiza cishe kasikhombisa kunezifaniso zabo.
Izinkampani zaseYurophu azisebenzi nje ukwenza izinto zisimame, kepha futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi le mikhiqizo iyasebenziseka kwezentengiselwano. Lapho kuvela isixazululo esisha sokupakisha emakethe yomhlaba, uhlu lwezinzuzo zalo alufaki kuphela ubungane bemvelo. Abakhiqizi kufanele badonse ukunaka kwabathengi abangaba khona ekutheni le nto inezinto ezinhle kakhulu zabathengi, futhi izindleko zayo aziphezulu (futhi kaningi ziphansi) kunezifaniso ezingaphinde zisebenze.
Ukwehliswa kwezindleko, ngasendleleni, kungenxa yokuthi zonke izinto ezithuthukisiwe zokupakisha zingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokushintsha imishini yokupakisha ekhona.
Esikhaleni esingemva kweSoviet, izinto ezintsha zenziwa ngenkuthalo. Izibonelo akunzima ukuzithola. Eminyakeni eminingana edlule, usosayensi waseKharkiv uSergey Timchuk wasungula ifilimu yokupakisha enobungani bemvelo eyenziwe ngesitashi sommbila. Ifilimu ichitheka emanzini abilayo (khona manjalo) nasenhlabathini (emasontweni ambalwa), ingadliwa nokudla nje, ngoba leyo nto ayinabungozi ngokuphelele.
Futhi ngokoqobo ngoJuni 2020, ososayensi abavela e-Astrakhan State Technical University bakhuluma ngokwenziwa kwefilimu yokudla ebolayo ebuselwa ku-ichthyzelatin (ekhiqizwa ngemikhiqizo kadoti evela embonini yokudoba). Ngokusho kwabo, izinto ezivelayo ziyakwazi ukuncintisana kuzakhiwo zabathengi ngezinto zepolymer ezivela kupulasitiki.
Kukhona okunye ukusungulwa okuthokozisayo, kepha bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakwaziyo ukuletha umbono ogqamile hhayi kuphela wokushicilelwa kwabezindaba, kodwa futhi nasesigabeni sokukhiqizwa ngobuningi.
Esimweni ngasinye, kuyadingeka ukubala ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi iphrojekthi yenzeke ngokomnotho. Futhi funa abenzi abanentshisekelo.
UKUQALA
Ukwenza izibikezelo ngo-2020 kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka kakhulu, iRussia izosekela ukuthambekela komhlaba wonke ekwethulweni kwe-eco-materials.
Kunezimpikiswano eziningana zokuxhasa le nguqulo. Okokuqala: izinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke (kufaka phakathi amanethiwekhi okuhweba emhlabeni) zisebenza endaweni yezwe lethu, ezithuthukisa izidingo ezihlanganisiwe zabo bonke abahlinzeki bazo. Ngokushesha noma kamuva, lezi zidingo zizokwethulwa nakubakhiqizi baseRussia.
Izinkampani zasekhaya nazo ziholwa izitayela zomhlaba. Isibonelo, i-Magnit retail chain yethule isu layo lentuthuko esimeme kuze kube yi-2020 ngoJuni 2025, lapho yamemezela khona isifiso sayo sokuba ngumholi ekunciphiseni umthelela wezemvelo emkhakheni wezokuthengisa waseRussia.
Ngo-2025, iMagnit ihlela ukwenza ama-50% wemikhiqizo yayo kanye namaphakethe ayo wokukhiqiza iphinde isetshenziswe kabusha, isebenze kabusha noma ihlanganise; sifinyelele ku-100% wokuqoqwa nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwepulasitiki evuselelekayo emisebenzini yethu; Nciphisa udoti wokudla ngama-50%. Kusukela ngo-2019, uchungechunge lokuthengisa, kanye nabalingani, belufaka ama-fandomats ezitolo zabo - amadivayisi akhethekile wokuqoqa iziqukathi zepulasitiki ne-aluminium kumakhasimende ukuze zisetshenzwe ngokulandelayo.
Emabhizinisini ayo "iMagnit" asevele manje angama-70% eziqukathi zikathayela zikhiqizwa ezintweni eziphinda zisetshenziswe kabusha (iphepha elilahlayo), amabhokisi amakhadibhodi ngamanye enziwa ngamakhadibhodi asetshenziswe kabusha kanye namakhadibhodi angenazinkuni ngesilinganiso sama-60% kuya ku-40%; nciphisa ukugoqa - ama-20% asetshenziswe kabusha
Ezitolo, amakhasimende anikezwa ukukhetha ukupakisha: ngo-2015, inethiwekhi yaqala ukusebenzisa izikhwama zamaphepha, kwathi ngo-2017, izikhwama ezingasetshenziswa kabusha. Kulo nyaka, inkampani isishintshe ngokuphelele izikhwama ezenziwe ngamapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha angama-20%.
Vele, akunakwenzeka ukuthi izwe lonke lizokwazi ukufinyelela kuleli zinga ngo-2025.
“Lona akusiwo umbuzo weminyaka emibili noma emithathu ezayo, - Amanothi kaVera Bokareva, - kodwa kuzodlula iminyaka eyisikhombisa, futhi neRussia izokwakhiwa kabusha. Akunakwenzeka ukunikeza izeluleko emhlabeni wonke kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa ngokubona kwami, izinkampani ezinkulu ezinezimali zentuthuko kufanele zibandakanyeke kakhulu kulesi sihloko. "
IZAZI ZANGAMANJE
Ngakho-ke, ubungani bezemvelo, ngezinga elikhulu, bungomunye wemingcele yesikhathi esizayo yokupakisha kwaseRussia. Kepha kufanele kushiwo amagama ambalwa ngemikhuba yanamuhla.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, amakhasimende anamuhla, abathengisi nabathengi bemikhiqizo yemifino bayabaluleka ekupakisheni (ngaphezu komnotho, esesishilo ngenhla) ukwenza lula nokuhambisana nezici zemikhiqizo efakwe kuyo.
I-AUCHAN Retail Russia, ikakhulukazi, incoma ukuthi abahlinzeki bemifino, lapho bekhetha ukupakisha, basebenzise i-perforated flow pack esikhundleni sefilimu (ukuqinisa ukufinyela nokubumba), nokuvikela umswakama owedlulele nokubola kwemifino - amakhadibhodi substrates esikhundleni se-polyurethane.
Abaningi futhi bakhuluma nge-vector esimeme yokwehlisa ivolumu yokupakisha, bathi ikwenyuke kwinani lamakhaya umuntu ngamunye.
“Njengamanje, amakhasimende anengqondo ngokuthenga kwawo, - ukuphawula ngalomcabango u-Olesya Stemashenok, umphathi wezokuxhumana wenkonzo yezindaba ye-AUCHAN Retail Russia. - Akuwenzi umqondo ukuthi umthengi athenge amakhilogremu ama-5 uma engadli ngaphezu kwe-1 kg ngenyanga, ngoba ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside umkhiqizo ungahluma / uphenduke ube luhlaza futhi kuzodingeka ulahlwe kude".
“Nalo mkhuba omude, - UVera Bokareva uyaqhubeka, - futhi-ke, ukukhula kwayo akusho nakancane ukuthi amaphakethe amakhulu azonyamalala emakethe noma abantu bayeke ukuthenga imifino ngobuningi. Kepha abahlinzeki bemifino abafisa ukuthola amamajini angeziwe kufanele bakunake lokhu bese bethula amaphakheji amancane ku-assortment yabo, lapho kuzoba khona imifino efana ncamashi nomuntu oyedwa ngokudla ngakunye. Noma sebenzisa ukupakisha okwenzelwe izimo zokusetshenziswa: ipikinikini, isnack emgwaqeni, ukusika okulungiselelwe imifino, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo kufanele igezwe, ibe yinhle, futhi ukupakisha uqobo kufanele kujabulise iso".
Umbandela wokugcina, impela, ungowokuzithoba, yize umhlaba womklamo wokupakisha nawo unemfashini yawo. Okwamanje, ngokusho kukaVera Bokareva, umkhombandlela ojwayelekile womsebenzi ubeka umkhuba ekwenzeni lula. Amakhasimende akhetha izixazululo ezivinjelwe i-laconic, enqaba izinketho "ezibizayo". Ngokuklanywa, izithombe ezingezona ezomthamo zivame ukusetshenziswa - imidwebo eyisicaba efanele emakethe yomhlaba.
Ukunqoba kokuvimbela "i-Asiaism", ngokusho kwesazi, kungenxa yezindlela zaseYurophu, kanye nesifiso sabakhiqizi sokwenza ngcono ukuxhumana nabathengi ngemiyalezo elula futhi, hhayi ukukhokha ngokweqile.
Kepha kukhona nezinye izitayela futhi. "Uma sikhuluma ngengxenye yezithelo nemifino, lapho ukufaka uphawu kusasathuthuka, kepha kukhona indawo ebekiwe, - kusho uVera Bokareva, - Kukhona ukuthambekela ekusetshenzisweni kwemibala engajwayelekile yesigaba somkhiqizo ekwakhiweni kokupakisha. Akunzima ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi ozidingayo: vele ungene ezitolo, ubhekisise uhla lwezinto zokupakisha zemikhiqizo efanayo futhi uqonde ukuthi imiphi imidwebo engekho lapha. Lesi sinyathelo sizokusiza ukuthi uzikhiphe kubancintisana nabo. ".
Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ngeke isabizwa ngokuthi iyintsha - njengokusebenzisa amakhodi we-QR ekwakhiweni, ngokufunda lapho umthengi ethola khona ulwazi mayelana nokuthi imikhiqizo ikhuliswe kuphi nokuthi iziphi izitsha ezifanele lokhu. " Lokhu akuyona into emisha, kepha kunalokho kuyisibonakaliso sokunambitheka okuhle, okunye okukhethwa kukho kokusebenza ", - kuchaza uchwepheshe.
Ngokwehlukile, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ingxenye yokupakisha yezimpahla ezithengiswa ezitolo eziku-inthanethi. Kulo nyaka, lolu hlobo lokuthengisa luthola umfutho onamandla wokuthuthuka, ungathenga cishe yonke into kunethiwekhi. “Kuze kube yilapho bonke abathengisi bebona ukuthi iphakethe elifanayo libukeka ngendlela ehlukile kukhathalogi ekuwebhusayithi nakushelufu lesitolo, - UVera Bokareva ucabanga. - Kepha kunezibonelo eziningi ngokwengeziwe zedizayini ye-intanethi ephumelelayo nsuku zonke. "
Isazi siphinde sikhombe izitayela ezimbili eziqondiswe ngokungafani uma kukhethwa uhlobo lokupakisha kwemikhiqizo eku-inthanethi. Abanye abakhiqizi bagxila ekuphepheni kwezimpahla ezilethwayo: ukupakisha kwabo kuvela njengokukhulu, ngamathebhu ukuvikela izimpahla, njll. Abanye basebenzisa umgomo wase-Europe wezomnotho nakwezinga elithile ubungane bezemvelo: kulokhu, ubuncane bezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwehlisa isisindo somthwalo). Yize ukukhethwa kwesisombululo ngokuqinisekile kungenxa yezimpawu zomkhiqizo. Ngokuvamile: indlela yokuthuthwa kwama-strawberry namazambane kufanele yehluke ngokwencazelo.