Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukwakheka okunamandla kwama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa kwenzeka, inani nosayizi wazo kuncike kakhulu ezimeni lapho isihlahla sezimbali sikhule khona. Ngalesi sikhathi esibalulekile, amazambane adinga ukuthambisa, ukugqoka okuphezulu nokuvikelwa kusuka kumabhungane amazambane aseColorado.
Sizocubungula zonke izici ezintathu zokunakekelwa, futhi sihlaziye ngokwehlukile amacala wokuthi kungani amazambane engaqhakaza noma izimbali zivele okwesibili ngenkathi ethile. Imvamisa kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukungenelela komlimi kuyadingeka.
Izici zamazambane eziqhakazayo. Umuntu udinga kuphela izilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngisho namachopho, amunca umsoco omningi enhlabathini, abonwa njengokungezwa okudingekayo okumele kubekezelelwe. Yini esingayisho ngezimbali: zibonakala ziyizinambuzane ezingenamsebenzi, zikhipha ngokulangazela konke okuhle okutshalwe kulesi sitshalo. Ngakho-ke imfundiso yokuzalwa yazalwa ukuthi ungakhulisa kakhulu isivuno uma ususa izimbali namaqabunga aphezulu ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.
Kepha amazambane ayisidalwa esiphilayo esiyinkimbinkimbi nohlelo lwawo lokuzalela, okuyizinto eziyizigaxa eziyindlela yokuzivikela yokulondoloza inani labantu. Isihlahla siphendukela ekususweni kwamahlamvu kanye namaqabunga aphezulu njengesongo sokuba khona.
Isitshalo esilimele sizobe sigula ngendlela emnyama, noma sizokwakha ama-buds amaningi ngokwengeziwe ukuthola lokho kulahleka. Ngokwemvelo, izimbali ezintsha ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni izakhi zomkhondo ziyosuswa kuzilimo eziyizigaxa. Isimo sakudala lapho avarful ekhokha kabili. Ama-buds amasha ngeke avele uma ususa izimbali ezivele zivele zithunyelwe. Kepha-ke inqubo ayenzi mqondo nhlobo, ngoba izimbali sezivele zimunce umsoco.
Kunenye ingozi. Ensimini yamazambane kukhona isihlahla okungenani okungenani esisodwa esigulayo. Ukusika ama-buds namaqabunga, umlimi akazikhiphi amathuluzi namagilavu ngemuva kokucubungula isitshalo ngasinye, ngenxa yalokho, ngokusebenzisa amanxeba avulekile amahlumela, awatheleleka ngezifo zokukhunta. Ngakho-ke ngenxa yesifiso sokukhulisa kancane isivuno, ungalahlekelwa yingxenye ebalulekile yaso.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwasungulwa ngokubonakalayo ukuthi ama-tubers eyodwa noma amabili empeleni akhiwa ezihlahleni ezinezimbali ezisusiwe kunezitshalo eziqhakaze ngokwemvelo. Kepha uma izihlahla zingalimalanga, amazambane akhula abe maningi futhi abe nesimo esijwayelekile.
Kungcono ukususa ama-buds kuphela lapho ukhula izinhlobonhlobo ezingandile zokutshala, lapho inani lezilimo eziyizigaxa libaluleke kakhulu kunosayizi wazo.
Izinga lezimbali lamazambane
Uma ubona izimbali eziqhakaza kakhulu - kungenzeka kakhulu phambi kwakho - noma yiziphi izinhlobo ezindala ezifakazelwe. Muva nje, abafuyi bezitshalo batshise izinhlobo zezimbali eziqhakaza kakhulu noma zishoda ngezimbali. Ama-ovaries kumabhishi anjalo ayivelakancane. Isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo zaphezulu zeRocco neMariella aziqhakaza. Izinhlobonhlobo Zentwasahlobo ehlobo elomile zingase zingqhakaze, futhi ngomswakama ojwayelekile ziqhakaza ngokushesha okukhulu. Amabhasi atshalwe emthunzini awaqhakaza kahle.
Ukuqhakaza amazambane akuchaphazeli ngqo ukwakheka nokukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, kepha ukungabikhona kwezimbali kuvame ukukhombisa ukuthi umlimi wenza iphutha futhi isivuno sisengozini.
Phezu kwezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo nokushiswa kwesakhiwo, kunezinye izizathu ezimbili zokuthi kungani amazambane engaqhakaza:
- izitshalo azinawo umswakama. Uma ukuthambisa okuphuthumayo kungahleliwe, ama-tubers ngeke esakhiwa futhi akhule ngaphansi komhlabathi, ngenxa yalokho, isivuno esivuniwe ekwindla sizoba sincane;
- enhlabathini - umquba owedlulele kanye ne-nitrogen. Kulokhu, iziqu ezinamandla, esikhundleni sokumbozwa nge-buds, lala phansi. Kuyadingeka ukumisa ukuchelela, unqume iziqongo zeziqongo (cishe ikota yobude besiqu), bese ufaka umlotha enhlabathini (ingilazi ngemitha eyi-1 yemibhede), ukhulule umhlabathi bese ukhipha kalula izihlahla.
Kwisimo sezulu esimanzi, ngemuva kwesomiso eside, kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthi amazambane aqhakaza okwesibili. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngenxa yokushisa, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ziyayeka ukukhula ngosayizi, kuthi uma sekufika izimvula ezinkulu, "intwasahlobo yesibili" ifike amazambane bese ihlathi lizama ukwenza isikhathi esilahlekile. Ukunisela kungukuvikela kangcono lenkinga. Futhi, izihlahla lapho ihlumela lisuswe zingakwazi ukuqhakaza kaninginingi.
Ukunisela amazambane ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezimbali, izihlahla zamazambane zidinga umswakama. Uma kungekho imvula, lapho-ke kuqhuma ukuhluma kuqala, nisela izitshalo kakhulu: ngesilinganiso okungenani samalitha ama-3 amanzi esihlahleni ngasinye. Isidingo sokunisela kulula ukusinquma: kwanele ukuthinta inhlabathi ngokujula kwama-5-6 cm ukusuka ebusweni. Uma kumanzi, kungcono ukuhlehlisa ukuchelela, ngoba ukumanzeka ngokweqile kungalimaza ama-tubers amasha.
Amazambane ayaniselwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ngosuku lwesibili emva kwalokhu, udinga ukukhulula inhlabathi bese ukhipha izihlahla, ukuze izimpande zithole hhayi kuphela amanzi, kodwa futhi nomoya-mpilo. Emavikini amabili kamuva, uma inhlabathi iphinda yomile, ungaphinde unisele imibhede.
Kwisimo sezulu esomile, ngemuva kokunisela, kuyelulekwa ukumboza umhlabathi nge-mulch: hay eyomile noma utshani. Inqubo ayithathi isikhathi esiningi nomzamo, kepha akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuthi ekwindla, ama-tubers abembiwe azoba mncane noma aqhekeke.
Idlula amazambane aqhakaza izimbali
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezivelayo zidinga umsoco othuthukisiwe. Ngokuvamile, ukugqokwa okuphezulu kokuqala kwamazambane kwenziwa ngenkathi yezimbali:
- ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza ukusheshisa ukuqhakaza izimbali (imitha eyodwa yemibhede enhlabathini yenza ingxube yezipuni ezi-3 zomlotha ngethisipuni le-potassium sulfate);
- Izinsuku 4-5 emva kokuqala kwezimbali eziningi ukuze kusheshiswe ukukhula kwe nezilimo eziyizigaxa (2 wezipuni of superphosphate - imitha eqondile embhedeni).
Futhi ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, ukugqokisa okuphezulu kwefoliar kungenziwa. Izinketho zokulinganiselwa zamalitha ayi-10 amanzi (ngamamitha skwele ayinkulungwane insimu yamazambane):
30-40 g we-urea;
I-50 g ye-potassium sulfate;
10-20 g we-ammonium nitrate;
hlanganisa i-2 g ye-sulfate yethusi, 10 g kasawoti we potassium, 40 g we-ammonium nitrate, 200 g we-superphosphate.
Ukuvikela amazambane aqhakaza izimbali kuma mabhungane amazambane e-Colado
Inkinga ukuthi amazambane ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza akumele afafazwe ngamakhemikhali ukuze alwe namabhungane amazambane aseColorado. Izinambuzane kuzodingeka zichithwe ngesandla. Ngaphezu kokuqoqwa kwemishini ebhakedeni, amakhambi abantu azosiza:
- hlunga i-kilogram yomlotha, hlanganisa ne-10 l wamanzi, ubilise lapho uphola - engeza u-40-50 g wesepha lokuhlanza elichotshowe ku-grater enhle;
- uthuli lwezihlahla ngommbila.
Noma yiziphi zalezi zimali zingasetshenziswa cishe njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10. Uma kunezinambuzane eziningi kakhulu, amazambane aqhakaza izimbali kufanele afafazwe ngomkhiqizo wemvelo. Kufanelekile, isibonelo, "Bitoxibacillin", "Akarin" noma "Fitoverm".
Ukunakekelwa kwamazambane ngemuva kokuqhakaza
Lapho amazambane eziqhakaza, akunakwenzeka ukunisela izihlahla: umswakama ngokweqile uyindawo enhle yokuthuthuka kokulimala sekwephuzile. Ukondla nakho akudingekile.
Ngenkathi iziqongo ziluhlaza, zifafazwa kaningana ngamakhambi athile abantu amabhungane amazambane aseColorado. Amakhemikhali anamandla angeke asetshenziswe ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezi-2 ngaphambi kokuvunwa. Ngakho-ke, imali enjalo ilungele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kamuva.
Source: https://kartofan.org/osobennosti-cveteniya-kartofelya.html
