Zonke izinhlobo zembewu ezisetshenziselwa izitshalo ezweni lakithi kufanele zifakwe kurejista yombuso ebumbene. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, imbewu kuyodingeka ihlolwe futhi ihlolwe ubukhona be-GMO, ithole isitifiketi sekhwalithi. Izinhlinzeko ezinjalo zichazwe kumthethosivivinywa kahulumeni wokukhiqizwa kwembewu ohanjiswe ku-State Duma. Yiziphi izinguquko ezilindele abalimi bembewu yasekhaya nokuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni okusadingeka zixazululwe kwaxoxwa ngakho emhlanganweni eMkhandlwini Wenhlangano ngo-Ephreli 5.
Ukulwa nama-GMO kanye nemakethe esobala
Umthetho wokukhiqizwa kwembewu kufanele ungene esikhundleni somthetho wamanje wegama elifanayo kusukela ngo-1997, ophelelwe yisikhathi kakhulu. "Lo mbhalo omusha uhloselwe ukushintsha kakhulu isimo ekukhiqizweni kwembewu yasekhaya," kuchaza uRoman Nekrasov, inhloko yoMnyango Wezokukhiqiza Izitshalo eMnyangweni Wezolimo, emhlanganweni owawuse-Federation Council ngo-Ephreli 5.
Umthetho uphishekela izinhloso ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukuvikela imakethe yasekhaya embewini equkethe ama-GMO avela phesheya, kanye nokunikeza umfutho ekuthuthukisweni kokuzalanisa kwasekhaya.
"Ukuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yasekhaya, ukubeka izinto obala kuqala kunesidingo," kugcizelela isikhulu soMnyango Wezolimo. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, idokhumenti ihlongoza ukwakhiwa kwerejista yembewu ebumbene, ezoba yingxenye yesistimu yolwazi lombuso wesifundazwe (FSIS).
Ngaphambilini, izinhlobo ezintsha zembewu kuzodingeka zithole isitifiketi sekhwalithi, esizobonisa ukuklanywa kwazo, kanye nezinye izinkomba zokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho. Iqiniso liwukuthi namuhla kuye kwavela isimo esingemnandi kakhulu emakethe yembewu yaseRussia ngenxa yokubusa kwempahla evela kwamanye amazwe, ngokuvamile esezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. Izimpande zenkinga zibuyela emuva kuma-90s, lapho, besebenzisa ithuba lokuwa kweziteshi zokuzalanisa ezifuywayo, abakhiqizi bangaphandle beza emakethe yethu behlinzeka ngezimpahla ezishibhile zekhwalithi ephansi ngokulinganayo.
Ezitshalweni ezinjengobhontshisi wesoya, ummbila, ubhekilanga namazambane, imbewu ithengwa kwamanye amazwe isukela kumaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-80. Isimo esibi kakhulu ngembewu yesithombo sebhitrudi - amaphesenti angama-93! Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhokha imali eningi ngemali yakwamanye amazwe ngonyaka ezinkampanini zembewu zakwamanye amazwe, abalimi bethu abatholi noma yiziphi iziqinisekiso zokuhluma kwembewu ethengiwe. Ngokusho kukaRosselkhoznadzor, emaqenjini athengwe ngamabhizinisi ezolimo asekhaya ngo-2019, kuze kufike kumaphesenti angama-30 embewu ayihambisani nezimfanelo ezimenyezelwe zokuhlukahluka nokuhlwanyela. Ukulahleka kwe-agro-industrial complex ngenxa yembewu esezingeni eliphansi kusukela ngo-2019 kufinyelele kuma-ruble angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-327.
UMongameli waseRussia kanye noSihlalo we-Federation Council, u-Valentina Matvienko, bakhulume ngezinkinga ezinkulu ekukhiqizeni imbewu yasekhaya. "Isimo samanje asihambisani nezinga lamandla ezolimo athuthukile izwe lethu elithi liyilo," u-Sergei Mitin, iPhini Lokuqala likaSihlalo weKomidi Lomkhandlu Wenhlangano Yenqubomgomo Yezolimo Nokudla kanye Nokuphathwa Kwemvelo, wakhumbula amazwi akhe. Ugcizelele ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokushintshwa kwembewu kwamanye amazwe kubekwe eqhulwini. "Umbhalo owenziwe nguHulumeni uhlangabezana nalo msebenzi, nokho, akuzona zonke izingqinamba ezingakaxazululwa, ngakho-ke umsebenzi kulo mthethosivivinywa uzoqhubeka, futhi amalungu ephalamende ahlose ukwenza izichibiyelo eziningi ngokufundwa kwesibili," kuthembisa uSenator. .
Ososayensi kulindeleke ukuthi benze intuthuko
Ukuze kuliwe nokungeniswa kwembewu equkethe ama-GMO, uMnyango Wezolimo kanye neRosselkhoznadzor bahlose ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokuhambisa amaqoqo embewu ezweni kanye nokuqapha ukujikeleza kwazo. Izidingo eziyisibopho zizosungulwa ukuze kukhiqizwe, kujikelezwe, kuthuthwe, kugcinwe futhi kusetshenziswe imbewu yezolimo. “Ukulawulwa kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziguqulwe izakhi ezimbewu kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo yemikhiqizo eluhlaza. I-Russia inamathuba amaningi okuthekelisa kulezi zimboni, ”kusho uSergei Belousov, iPhini likaSihlalo weKomidi LoMkhandlu Wenhlangano Yenqubomgomo Yezolimo Nokudla kanye Nokuphathwa Kwemvelo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusho kwelungu lephalamende, izwe lethu lisalele ngemuva emkhakheni wezindlela zokulawula ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bokuqukethwe kwe-GMO.
Ngokusho kwenhloko yomnyango woMnyango wezeMfundo kanye neSayensi, uVugar Bagirov, lezi zindlela zenzelwe futhi zahlolwa kuze kube manje kuphela imbewu ye-beet kanye namazambane; umsebenzi usaqhubeka kwezinye izitshalo (zingaphezu kwamashumi amane Uhlu lukahulumeni).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezintsha zembewu zizohlolwa kumalabhorethri okuxilonga eziteshini zokuhlola ezihlukahlukene, futhi amandla azo anomkhawulo.
“Iziteshi zethu zokuhlola ezihlukahlukene zinquma kuphela isivuno sembewu, kodwa ayikho indlela yokuxilonga ngisho nezimfanelo ezibalulekile njengokumelana nezifo,” kuphawula uVladimir Levunov, usihlalo wenhlangano yezinkampani ezizimele zembewu. Ngokombono wakhe, uma imishini eziteshini ingabuyekezwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ukwethulwa kwesitifiketi sekhwalithi esihlongozwe yilo mthethosivivinywa kuzoba sengozini. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ingxoxo phakathi kochwepheshe mayelana nokuthi isitifiketi esinjalo kufanele sibe yini iyaqhubeka.
Abazalanisi besaba ukuphepha kwezimfihlo zohwebo
Isitifiketi sekhwalithi sizoqukatha izinkomba zokuhlolwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezilandelayo: ukufaneleka kwezimo zezulu, ukumelana nezifo, ukuhluma, njll. Uma lokhu noma lolo hlobo luzibonakalise kahle futhi luphumelele izivivinyo ezweni lethu, luzofakwa kurejista yembewu. Ukuvela kwerejista kuzokwenza kube lula ukusungula ukulawula kombuso phezu kwembewu esetshenziswa ezweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulindeleke ukuthi abakhiqizi bezolimo nabo baphendukele kuyona ukuze bazivikele ezintweni eziwumgunyathi. Nakuba beqaphela izinzuzo zezinyathelo ezethulwe yilo mthethosivivinywa ukuze kufinyelelwe obala emakethe yembewu, ochwepheshe abambalwa nabo babona izici ezingezinhle kumthethonqubo wombuso owengeziwe.
Abazalanisi besaba kakhulu ukuthi izimfihlo zohwebo zingase zephulwe esigabeni sokuhlolwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zembewu. "Imininingwane yokuzalanisa ingantshontshwa izimbangi zakwamanye amazwe," kusho uVladimir Levunov.
Umongameli we-Russian Grain Union u-Arkady Zlochevsky udonsela ukunaka eqinisweni lokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ngokwazo kuyabiza. "Zenziwa ngezindleko zezinkampani ezihilelekile ekuzaleni futhi zizobangela ukwanda kwezindleko zembewu," kusho uZlochevsky. Ngokubona kwakhe, ingozi iwukuthi izinhlobo ezintsha zembewu yasekhaya ezithuthukiswe ngale ndlela ngeke zikwazi ukuncintisana ngentengo nembewu evela kwamanye amazwe.
“Amapulazi azoqhubeka nokuthenga okushibhile,” kuphawula uchwepheshe. Uphinde waphawula ukuthi imbewu engenisiwe akufanele iyekwe ngokuphelele ezindaweni lapho zingakabi khona ama-analogue asekhaya. “Lezi kanye nezinye izinkinga eziningi eziphathelene nokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwembewu yasekhaya zizoxazululwa njengoba kuqhubeka umsebenzi womthethosivivinywa kanye nemibhalo ehlobene nayo. Ngendlela, imithetho kamasipala engaphezu kwamashumi amane idinga ukulungiswa, ”kukhumbula uSenator Sergei Mitin.