USoltan Basiev, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Mountain State Agrarian University"
Ukuze uhlobo lwamazambane ludingeke phakathi kwabalimi baseNyakatho Caucasus Federal District, kufanele lusheshe luvuthwe, lulungele inhloso yalo, lumelane ne-nematode yegolide, futhi lube nenyama emhlophe. Kodwa-ke, le sethi yezici, yiqiniso, ayiphelele futhi ayiyona indawo yonke yesifunda, ehlanganisa izindawo ezinezimo zemvelo nezesimo sezulu ezihluke kakhulu. Funda kabanzi ngalokhu engxoxweni noSoltan Basiev, Udokotela Wesayensi Yezolimo, UProfesa, Inhloko yoMnyango Wezolimo, Ukukhula Kwezitshalo, Ukukhetha kanye Nokukhiqizwa Kwembewu, i-Faculty of Agronomy, FSBEI HE "Gorsky State Agrarian University", Republic of North Ossetia -Alania.
I-Mountain Agrarian University ibisebenza ekukhetheni amazambane nokukhiqizwa kwembewu cishe iminyaka eyi-13, lesi isikhathi esifushane, uma kubhekwa lokho.
Kuthatha isilinganiso seminyaka eyi-12-15 ukuthola uhlobo olulodwa. Imisebenzi yabafuyi ihlanganisa ukwakha izinhlobo ezintsha ezikhiqiza kakhulu kanye namahybrids. Ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo emisha kwenzeka emkhakheni weZolsky Potato LLC. Ososayensi futhi bakhiqiza ama-microplants nama-minitubers ezinhlobonhlobo zawo zamazambane. Ama-Minitubers atshalwa ezindaweni ezihlanzekile ze-phytosanitary endaweni enezintaba yeRiphabhulikhi yaseNyakatho Ossetia.
- I-Alanya, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-1400 ngaphezu kolwandle. Lapha kukhona iqoqo le-nursery yasenyuvesi, lapho izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane ezingaphezu kwe-100 zokukhethwa kwasekhaya nezangaphandle zikhula. Inyuvesi yenza umsebenzi wokutshala ama-microplants amazambane endaweni yayo ye-agro-biotechnological complex.
IZIQONDISO ZOKUZALELA AMAZAMBANE
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu samazambane yisikhathi sokuvuthwa kwawo. Esifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasus Federal, cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo kulesi sigaba ziyafuneka, konke kuncike endaweni ethile yokulima. Isibonelo, eNyakatho Ossetia ungakhula izinhlobo zamazambane kusenesikhathi, maphakathi no-ekuqaleni, okuphakathi, ngisho nasekupheleni kwesikhathi. Ezifundeni ezisemagqumeni eNyakatho yeCaucasus - eKabardino-Balkaria, ingxenye yeKarachay-Cherkessia, Ingushetia, Chechnya - abalimi bathola isivuno esihle kakhulu sezinhlobonhlobo zamuva. Futhi i-Dagestan inesimo sezulu esomile, ngakho-ke izinhlobo zokuqala kuphela ezifanele lapho.
Ngokuvamile, abalimi abasebenza ekudaleni izinhlobo zeNyakatho Caucasus babeka kuqala izinhlobo zakuqala (kusukela eziningi
Kwezinye izindawo kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno samazambane amabili).
Ikhwalithi elandelayo ebalulekile yezinhlobonhlobo ukumelana nama-pathogens ahlukahlukene. Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu kumazambane emhlabeni jikelele
isifo esibulalayo siyabonakala. Kungase futhi kubangele umonakalo omkhulu emnothweni waseNyakatho yeCaucasus. Futhi, amazambane esifundeni sethu avame ukuthinteka yi-rhizoctonia, izifo zemvelaphi yesikhunta (uqweqwe oluvamile, uqweqwe lwempuphu, i-fusarium, njll.), izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane,
nakho okudinga ukunakwa ngabafuyi. Ukumelana ne-golden nematode manje kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba izinkambu eziningi zigcwele lesi zinambuzane.
Singakhohlwa ukuthi izinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokwenhloso.
Umgomo oyinhloko womsebenzi wabalimi be-Gorsky State Agrarian University yizinhlobonhlobo zetafula, kodwa futhi sizama ukudala izinhlobo zokucubungula. Kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma ngemiphumela kule ndlela, kodwa ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi uma kukhona amathuba kanye nabantu abafuna ukwenza lokhu, konke kufinyeleleka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufaneleka kokugcinwa isikhathi eside, isivuno futhi, yiqiniso, ukwethulwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphumeleleni kwezinhlobonhlobo.
ENyakatho Ossetia, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo ezinenyama ephuzi azifunwa. Ngicabanga ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko amaphaya ase-Ossetian
ngamazambane, lapho ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe kubonakala kuhle kakhulu. Nakuba amazambane anombala ophuzi empeleni enempilo, aqukethe i-carotenoid nezakhi eziningi, kodwa abaningi abazi ngalokhu.
Amabanga
Esikhathini sephothifoliyo yabafuyi baseGorsky State Agrarian University okwamanje kunenhlobo eyodwa kuphela efakwe kwiRejista Yezimpumelelo Zokuzala - i-Ossetian.
Lena izinhlobonhlobo zaphakathi nesikhathi sokuqala, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kwetafula. Inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, ukuthengiseka okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yokugcina.
Imelana ne-causative agent ye-potato canker, i-golden potato cyst nematode, ishwabene, i-mosaic enemigqa kanye ne-curl yamaqabunga.
Enye izinhlobonhlobo - i-Farn (ekude ne-Ossetian - ukuthula, ukuchuma, ukuchichima, injabulo) - ngonyaka wesibili wokuhlolwa kwezinhlobonhlobo. Sithole
kukhona ukubuyekezwa okuhle kakhulu kuyo, kodwa kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi ufinyelele iziphetho. Ngo-2023, sihlela ukuhambisa uhlobo lwesithathu ukuze luhlolwe uhlobo; alukabi nalo igama. Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo, njengoFarn, zadalwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-FNTP.
I-Gorsky State Agrarian University ingumhlanganyeli wephrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe "Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane embewu yekhwalithi ephezulu yezinhlobo zasekhaya ezincintisanayo endaweni engenalo igciwane endaweni yezintaba yeRiphabhulikhi yaseKabardino-Balkarian", ikhasimende lapho yinkampani yeZolsky Potato LLC. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngaphansi kohlaka lohlelo oluncane oluthi “Ukuthuthukiswa kokuzalanisa nokukhiqizwa kwembewu
amazambane eRussian Federation" Federal Scientific and Technical Programme for Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025.