U-Svetlana Konstantinova, iNhloko ye-Potato Breeding and Seed Group, iChuvash Research Institute of Agriculture - igatsha le-FGBNU FARC yaseNyakatho-Mpumalanga.
Ososayensi beChuvash Research Institute of Agriculture benza ucwaningo lwesayensi emkhakheni wokuzalanisa nokukhiqizwa kwembewu yokusanhlamvu nezitshalo ezimila imidumba, utshani obungapheli, ubhontshisi wesoya, amahops namazambane.
Isikhungo saqala ukuzibandakanya ekuzaleni amazambane ngo-2010, lena indawo encane yokusebenza yenhlangano yethu yesayensi kanye neChuvashia iyonke. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngokuhlanganyela nongoti beFederal Potato Research Center eqanjwe ngo-A.I. A.G. I-Lorkha: ngokwe-oda lethu, bathumela ama-hybrid-tuber hybrid anezici ezithile ezihlukahlukene ku-Research Institute of Agriculture.
Njengomthetho, sicela izinhlobo zakuqala namaphakathi, njengoba izinhlobo zaphakathi nesizini esifundeni saseVolga-Vyatka azikwazi ukuqaphela ngokugcwele amandla azo ngenxa yesimo sezulu, kunezithwathwa zakuqala.
Uma sikhuluma ngendawo esiya kuyo, sikhetha izinhlobo zetafula, nakuba imakethe ishintsha kancane kancane, abathengi baqala ukuba nesithakazelo ezinhlobonhlobo zokucubungula okujulile, ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum. Sibheka umbala wekhasi kanye ne-pulp, ukujula kwamehlo. Manje izinhlobo ezinesikhumba esimhlophe nenyama ephuzi zifunwa kakhulu, kodwa eminyakeni emithathu noma emine edlule izinhlobo ezinesikhumba esibomvu nenyama emhlophe zazithandwa kakhulu. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukumelana nokulimaza sekwephuzile, i-Alternaria nezinye izifo ezivamile.
Kusukela kuma-hybrids avelayo, sikhetha okuthembisayo kakhulu esifundeni sethu. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokulima, sikhetha amasampula okuhlolwa kokuqala (ukukhethwa kwenziwa ngokwemibandela engaphezu kuka-50: sinaka ukubumbana kwehlathi, inani lezilimo eziyizigaxa, njll.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaholi balesi sigaba baqhubekela phambili ekuhlolweni okuyinhloko, bese beya kokuncintisana. Lezo zinketho ezibonisa imiphumela engcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga akhona esifundeni sethu, sizithumelela ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwesifunda. Lona umsebenzi omude futhi onzima kakhulu.
Ebhange lezingulube labafuyi beChuvash Research Institute of Agriculture, kuze kube manje kukhona uhlobo olulodwa lwamazambane - i-Avan (ilungelo lobunikazi lokuphumelela kokuzalanisa latholwa ngo-2020). I-Avan evela eChuvash isho okuhle, okunempilo. Izinhlobonhlobo zaphakathi nasekuqaleni, ukuze zisetshenziswe etafuleni. Inesethulo esihle kakhulu: isikhumba sipinki, inyama imhlophe. Esidlekeni, ngokwesilinganiso, kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-12 nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu (ezincane, ezinesisindo esingaphansi kuka-30 g, kungenzeka zingabikho nhlobo).
Izinhlobonhlobo azihambisani nezimo zezulu, zinikeza isivuno esihle kokubili eminyakeni eyomile nasezinkathini zonyaka ezinomswakama ophezulu. Imelana ne-phytophthora (kuhlanganise neziqongo), ngenxa yesikhumba esiminyene esilungele ukuvunwa ngomshini.
Kodwa asimi. Ngo-2021, ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuncintisana, kwakhethwa izinombolo eziyi-14. Ekupheleni kobusika ochwepheshe bethu bazohlola ukuthi ukutholwa kwasinda kanjani esikhathini sokugcina: lezo ezikhule ngaphambi kwesikhathi zizonqatshwa (izinhlobo ezinjalo zingase zithambekele ekufakweni kwe-tuberization yesibili).
Ngaphezu komsebenzi wokuzalanisa, iChuvash Research Institute of Agriculture yenza ukukhiqizwa kwembewu eyinhloko yezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zamazambane: Zhukovsky zakuqala, Avan, Vineta, Courage, Irbitsky, Vympel, Reggi.
Sikhiqiza izinto zembewu (isigaba esikhethekile samazambane siyathengiswa) ikakhulukazi emapulazini amazambane aseChuvash Republic, kukhona namakhasimende ajwayelekile esifundeni saseSamara naseRiphabhulikhi yaseKazakhstan. Phakathi kwabathengi kukhona abantu abazimele (LPH).
Kuze kube manje, kukhona ivolumu eyanele yokukhiqiza yawo wonke umuntu, ngisho namanje, lapho kungekho okuningi okusele kuze kufike entwasahlobo, sinendawo ethile yokugcina. Kepha kubalulekile ukunaka ukuthi iminyaka eminingana ilandelana amanani entengo amazambane etafula eRussia naseKazakhstan ayesezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, futhi bambalwa abantu ababefuna ukubhekana nalesi sitshalo. Ngonyaka odlule, izindleko zamazambane zakhuphuka, futhi isidingo sembewu sakhula ngokushesha.
Ngokuzayo, ngicabanga, isiqondiso sizokhula nakanjani, akhona wonke amathuba okukhulisa amazambane embewu e-republic.