Ochwepheshe benkampani "Agasti" batshele ukuthi yiziphi izifo zezitshalo ezidale umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo zaseRussia kulo nyaka. Isimo sezulu esimanzi nesipholile ezifundeni eziningi sicasule ukukhula okusheshayo kwamagciwane amazambane, angancisha abalimi izitshalo zabo. Ukolweni ophiobosis usakazeka ngokushesha emasimini - kulo nyaka isifo sefungal asibhalwanga eningizimu kuphela, kodwa naseCentral Black Earth Region. Umswakama owedlulele esifundeni saseKursk nasezifundeni ezingomakhelwane kwavumela isikhutha se-powdery ukuba silimaze izindlebe zokusanhlamvu. Ngasikhathi sinye, inkinga enkulu yabalimi eSifundazweni Saseningizimu Sifundazwe - isomiso - silinganisela ukusabalala kwesifo esiyinhlamvu esiyingozi kakhulu - i-fusarium, engaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile engenza okusanhlamvu kube nobuthi ngenxa yama-mycotoxin. Noma kunjalo, inani lokuthengisa lamafungicides elivela kubakhiqizi abayi-10 abakhulu kunabo bonke bezibulala-zinambuzane eRussia engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2020 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sika-2019 lenyuka lisuka kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-17 laya ezigidini ezingama-21 (ngaphandle kwe-VAT): abalimi basekhaya basebenzisa imali ethe xaxa ukugcina isivuno esikhulu ...
Ngo-2020, abakhiqizi bezolimo abavela ezifundeni zaseMoscow, eNizhny Novgorod, eTula, eBryansk baphinde babhekana nokuqubuka kwegciwane lezambane, okunezinhlobo ezifika ku-7. Izazi ze-Phytopathologists zikholelwa ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwezifo yikhwalithi yembewu ephansi eRussia: abalimi bavame ukuthenga amazambane athelelekile komunye nomunye, bandise indawo yayo. Futhi labo balimi abanake ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo namuhla bahlola amasampula angama-50-70 wezinto zembewu ngaphambi kokuthenga, kepha ukuhlaziywa okubukwayo kusiza ukunquma kuphela ama-specimens abolile.
"Namuhla akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukutheleleka okufihlekile nge-bacteriosis usebenzisa izindlela ezihlinzekwe yi-GOST, okuyizimbewu zamazambane okufanele zihambisane nazo," kuphawula uDmitry Belov, oyinhloko yomnyango wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wenkampani ka-Agasti. - Isigaba esisebenzayo sesifo singaqala ngokwakhiwa kwesiqu - kusuka komama noma ngisho nesigaxa esisha. Okuvame ukubonwa yi-blackleg, ebangelwa amagciwane avela kugciwane iPectobacterium kanye neDickeya, nayo ejwayelekile emapulazini ezizimele. Kwesinye isikhathi izifo ziyazibonakalisa esigabeni sokuhluma, kepha izithombo zingahle zivele - sibonile lo mkhuba kumahektha amaningana esifundeni saseMoscow eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Inkinga ivamile, kepha kulo nyaka ama-bacterioses abizwa kakhulu ngenxa yezimo zezulu - umswakama owedlulele kanye nentwasahlobo epholile ezifundeni eziyinhloko zokulinywa kwamazambane. Amazambane athinteka yi-bacteriosis angavele "avuze" ngesikhathi sokugcina - kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ngezinqolobane eziphelele. "
Esifundeni Saseningizimu Sifundazwe kule sizini, kube nokuqubuka kwe-ophiobosis kukolweni. Lesi yisifo sefungal esinefasitela lesikhathi esibanzi kakhulu sokulimala kwesitshalo: singaziveza kusuka esigabeni sesithathu seqabunga kanye nesigaba sokutshala (ukwakheka kwamahlumela okusanhlamvu) kuya esigabeni sokubamba, okuholela ekuqedweni kokudla kwezitshalo futhi, ikakhulukazi, indlebe eyakhayo. Lesi sifo kunzima ukusibona: ezigabeni zokuqala sididekile nokubola kwezimpande ze-rhizoctonia, okuthinta izitshalo eSifundazweni Saseningizimu eminyakeni embalwa edlule, okulimaza uhlelo lwempande futhi kubhebhethekise ukondleka kwezitshalo, kepha imiphumela ikhawulelwe kulokhu. I-Ophiobolism, ezimweni eziningi, idala ukulahleka okukhulu, futhi umonakalo ovela kuyo ungafinyelela ku-30% wesitshalo. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha emasimini - cishe i-10% yendawo itheleleka minyaka yonke. Le nkinga ijwayelekile ikakhulukazi eStavropol Territory, iyanda eKrasnodar Territory, naku-2019-2020. amacala angawodwana aqala ukubhaliswa eSifundeni Somhlaba Omnyama Omnyama.
Ukusabalala kwesifo, kuchaza ochwepheshe benkampani "Agasti", kwenziwa lula ukuphazamiseka kokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, lapho izilimo zokusanhlamvu zikhula unyaka nonyaka ezindaweni ezifanayo. Azikho izindlela ezisebenzayo zamakhemikhali zokuvikela i-ophiobolism, kepha inkampani incoma ukunqanda ukukhula kwayo ngama-disinfectants nokusebenzisa ama-fungicides kwamanye amagciwane ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - ukuvikeleka kwezitshalo ezingenazo ezinye izifo kubhekana kangcono ne-ophiobolism.
Izifunda iKursk, Oryol, Bryansk, Kaliningrad neVoronezh, kanye neRiphabhlikhi yaseBashkortostan kulo nyaka babhekane nezinkinga nge-powdery isikhutha, ngokwesiko esithathwa njengesinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu zokusanhlamvu. Kutholakala cishe yonke indawo kumabele okusanhlamvu asebusika futhi kukhula ngaphansi kwezimo zezitshalo eziminyene, amazinga okushisa aphansi, nokutholakala ngokwanele komswakama kanye nomanyolo. Ngokwanda kwamazinga okushisa nokwehla kwenani lomswakama, imvamisa ngoMeyi, lesi sifo "siyasuka" sisodwa - ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeRussia. Kepha kulo nyaka, ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseKursk, inani lomswakama alizange lehle, lesi sifo saqala ukusondela ezindlebeni futhi abalimi kwadingeka baqale imishanguzo ye-fungicidal. Izizathu ezifanayo ezifundeni ezibalulwe zaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni i-peronosporosis kosoya - lesi sifo singonakalisa kuze kufike ku-20% wesitshalo.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kaningi kwe-sunflower endaweni efanayo kuvusa ukuvela kwezifo ezifana nokugqwala, i-phomopsis, i-downy isikhutha, kanye nokuhlukahluka kokubola - i-sclerotinosis, i-botrytis. Ngokwesiko, ukugqwala kugqamile ezifundeni zaseSamara, Saratov, Voronezh naseVolgograd, futhi ngo-2020 ukuthambekela kokusakazeka kwabo akukashintshi.
Kodwa-ke, into engajwayelekile kule sizini kwakuyizifo ezingezona ezithathelwanayo zikajongilanga, okungukuthi ukushisa okushisa: izingxenye zezitshalo zafa ngaphandle kwesizathu, futhi ukuhlaziywa akuzange kubonise ubukhona bezinto ezithathelwanayo. Lokhu kwabonwa cishe yonke indawo - kusuka eStavropol kuye eVolgograd.
Futhi esinye isifo, ukuqubuka okubonakalayo okwaphawulwa ngo-2020, i-pea rust, eyalimaza izitshalo ezisuka esifundeni saseCentral Black Earth ziya e-Altai.
“Ukugqwala kuqala kuvela njengamachashazi ansundu ngokusawolintshi emaqabungeni esitshalo, futhi ngenkathi yokuvuna, amafu enhlwathi aphakama ngemuva kwabavuni abasensimini yepea enaleli gciwane. Lesi futhi yisifo sokukhunta, ukugqashuka kwaso kudalwe yisimo sezulu esimanzi ezindaweni eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yazibonakalisa ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zesomiso kulezo zifunda lapho kukhona khona "isitokwe" esiphakeme sokutheleleka, njengoba kwenzeka, ikakhulukazi e-Altai, "kusho uDmitry Belov.
Ngokuvamile, ungoti uthi inkinga enkulu kubalimi abaningi ngonyaka wezi-2020 kwakungezona izifo zezitshalo, kepha yisomiso. Ngendlela, kungenxa yakhe ukuthi kulo nyaka izitshalo azizange zihlaselwe yisifo esiyingozi njenge-fusarium, esasingakwazi ukunciphisa isisindo kuphela senhlamvu, kepha futhi siyenze ibe yingozi empilweni ngenxa yama-mycotoxin. Isikhathi esichazayo sokuthuthukiswa kweFusarium umswakama ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kukakolweni - ngesimo semvula noma amazolo. Kepha ezimeni lapho kwakungekho imvula nhlobo, zazingekho izimo zokutheleleka. Phambilini, lesi sifo sidale umonakalo ezitshalweni zaseKuban, eStavropol Territory, eqenjini lezifunda zeCentral Black Earth Region, e-Altai - ngqo lapho kubuswe khona isomiso kule sizini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ochwepheshe benkampani "ka-Agasti" bathi ezifundeni lapho kwakukhona umswakama owanele (lokhu, ikakhulukazi, iMoscow, iSmolensk, izifunda zaseBryansk), ukufakwa kwezitshalo zasebusika kwabonwa. Ngokwako, lokhu akusona isifo: okusanhlamvu kuyahlala lapho indlebe eqinile yakhiwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokudla okunomsoco, kepha kusuka kumswakama owedlulele, amaseli eziqu asesimweni esibuthakathaka futhi awakwazi ukumelana nomoya. Ukuvimbela lokhu, abalimi basebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula ukunciphisa nokuqinisa isiqu ngenxa yokusondelana kwama-internode aphansi komunye nomunye. Kepha uma kungathathwanga zinyathelo, lapho-ke lapho izilimo zifakiwe, okusanhlamvu "kuyageleza" noma kuqala ukuhluma ngqo endlebeni, futhi ukusondela kwezinhlamvu emhlabathini njengomthombo wokutheleleka kudala izifo.
Ngokuphikisana nokwanda kwesifo esitholakele sezifo zezitshalo, ama-ejenti wokulawula kwazo - ama-fungicides - anqoba ngokushesha imakethe yasekhaya. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwabakhiqizi abakhulu bezibulala-zinambuzane abayi-10 eRussia, ukuthengiswa kwezibulala-fungic engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka we-2020 kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka ngaphambili kukhuphuke cishe ngekota - kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-17 billion kuya ku-21 billion (ngaphandle kwe-VAT). Ukuqhathanisa: ukuthengiswa okuphelele kwezibulala-zinambuzane engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka kukhuphuke ngo-18% - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-65 billion kuya kuma-ruble angama-77 billion (ngaphandle kwe-VAT).
"Imakethe yamafungicides - imishanguzo yokulwa nezifo zezitshalo - iyanda njalo, - kusho uDmitry Belov. - EYurophu, ngokwezimali, inkulu kunemakethe yama-ejenti wokulawula ukhula - imithi yokubulala ukhula, kuyilapho eRussia kungukuthengisa kwabo okusasebenza kakhulu esigabeni sonke. Emazweni aseYurophu anezithelo eziphezulu, kwenziwa imishanguzo yokulwa ne-fungicidal engafika ku-4 ngesizini ngayinye. ERussia, ngonyaka odlule le coefficient yayilingana no-1,5, mhlawumbe kulo nyaka izosondela ku-2. Namuhla, abalimi basekhaya yonke indawo bathuthukisa umsoco wezimbiwa zezitshalo futhi baholwa ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezithela kakhulu ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziphikisana kakhulu nezifo, kepha zikhawulelwe ekuvuneni. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sibikezele ukuthi imakethe yezibulali fungicide izoqhubeka nokukhula, futhi maqondana nokwanda ezindaweni ezilinyiwe kanye nokwelashwa kaningi. "
Izinto ezihlinzekwa yinkonzo yabezindaba yenkampani "Agasti"