Ludmila Dulskaya
Ukutshala kuyasondela, futhi amapulazi akulungele ngokuphelele ukulwa. Abalimi bamazambane bayibingelela kanjani isizini? Ukwazile ukuthenga izinto zokuzivikela ezidingekayo kanye nomanyolo? Zihamba kanjani izinto ezisele? Izwi kubakhiqizi bezolimo.
U-Sergey Biketov, isazi sezolimo esiyinhloko se-ZAO OKTYABRSKOE, esifundeni saseLeningrad
400 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane
- I-CJSC "Oktyabrskoe" ingelinye lamapulazi amadala kakhulu esifundeni saseLeningrad, selikhiqize imbewu yamazambane iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Ilabhorethri yethu ikhiqiza imbewu yezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 zamazambane ezikhethiwe zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Sitshala nokusanhlamvu kanye nembewu ye-rapese.
Kulo nyaka sitshala (Impala, Red Scarlett, Riviera and Sante) kanye nezinhlobo zamazambane zasekhaya (i-Udacha ne-Aurora). Ngonyaka odlule sibe namahektha angama-380 ngaphansi kwamazambane, kulo nyaka sinyusa indawo ngamahektha angama-20.
Kunobunzima ngezobuchwepheshe. Sikhokhele ukuhlinzekwa komshini ozifuthayo ozishayelayo kanye nogandaganda abasuka kwamanye amazwe, kodwa umthengisi wayibuyisela imali futhi ngeke kube khona ukudiliva esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Hhayi-ke, sizoshintshela kumagandaganda akhiqizwa ekhaya - i-RSM Rostselmash. Azikho izinketho.
Mayelana nomanyolo, izinto zokuzivikela kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, sinakho konke okulungele ukuqala kwesizini. Izinkontileka zaqedwa ngaphambi konyaka omusha. Izintengo azibi kangako. Isibonelo, sibalwe kabusha izindleko ze-urea zehla ngisho nangemva kokukhokha kusengaphambili. Okusele ukuthenga umanyolo wamaminerali, futhi njengoba isitshalo sokukhiqiza siseduze, eVeliky Novgorod, ngeke kube nobunzima.
Kukhona ukushoda okukhulu kwesibulala-zinambuzane i-Diquat. Isidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa ukukhishwa kweziqongo zamazambane ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukucekelwa phansi kokhula, kanye nembewu ye-rapeseed kanye nezinhlamvu, ezimweni zesifunda esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga - ukomisa i-pod nendlebe. Sikwazile ukuyithengela amazambane, kodwa kungenzeka singabi nayo eyanele i-rapeseed. Esifundeni sakithi, izimvula ezinamandla zingahlala isikhathi eside, mancane amathuba okuthi singakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokomisa okusanhlamvu nembewu ye-rapese.
Kulo nyaka wonke umuntu uzotshala amazambane. Abantu besaba izinkinga, ngakho-ke balungiselela ukulima utshani ezindaweni zabo futhi batshale amazambane. Abalimi bathenga imbewu yethu yesizukulwane sokuqala sasensimini ngosuku nesigamu.
Ubunzima obuyinhloko ukuthi kwakukhona iqhwa emasimini aseLeningrad kuze kube maphakathi no-April. Isikhathi sokutshala sesishintshile, futhi akucaci ukuthi kuzoqala nini.
UMaxim Dmitriev, isazi sezolimo namahlathi uGeletey Ivan Ivanovich, esifundeni saseNovgorod
140 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane
- Kule sizini u-KH Geletey I.I. ayikhulisi izindawo ezitshaliwe. Sabela amahektha ayi-140 amazambane, amahektha angama-20 eklabishi, amahektha ayi-16 ama-beet namahektha ama-3 wezaqathi.
Uma sikhuluma ngamazambane, ikakhulukazi sikhetha izinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe ezaziwa emakethe (Gala, Rosara, Impala, Colomba), kodwa minyaka yonke sithatha izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu zokukhethwa kwasekhaya ukuze sihlolwe ukuze sihlole ukuthi zizosebenza kanjani kwezethu. nenhlabathi kanye nezimo zethu zezulu.
Esifundeni saseNovgorod, amapulazi amane abalimi, okuhlanganisa nepulazi lethu, anesimo samapulazi embewu agxile ekukhuliseni amazambane akhiqiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, asinabo ubunzima ngembewu yezinto ezibonakalayo: sikhula izinhlobo ezisithakazelisayo ezivela kumashubhu okuhlola.
Ipulazi lethu lithenge cishe yonke imikhiqizo edingekayo yokuvikela izitshalo kanye nomanyolo ekwindla ngamanani amahle kakhulu. Kule sizini sizosebenzisa amalungiselelo ebesihlele ukuwasebenzisa ekwelashweni. Ubunzima bavela kuphela ngokutholwa kwe-urea neminye imiquba. Ubunzima obukhulu manje ukuqanjwa kabusha mayelana nama-quota. Sifuna ukuthenga umanyolo, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi awekho ama-quotas esifunda esitshalweni, noma aphelile ngenxa yomthamo onganele.
Isimo ngemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo namuhla njengokuthi noma ngabe ipulazi linemali nesifiso sokusebenza ngomuthi othile ongenisiwe, abakhiqizi abakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwawo; izinto eziningi ziyashoda. Amanye amapulazi abalimi esifundeni sakithi abhekene nobunzima obukhulu kulokhu.
Yonke imithi esiyisebenzisayo ikhuphuke intengo ngesilinganiso esingu-50%, eminye ngokuphindwe kabili. Umanyolo nawo usubiza kakhulu. Uma besizothenga izinto zokuzivikela kanye nomanyolo manje, izindleko zethu bezizokwenyuka cishe ngo-60%.
Kuzokwenzekani esikhathini esizayo? Ngicabanga ukuthi izinkampani zaseYurophu ezithengisa imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo zizolahlekelwa yizikhundla zazo zobuholi emakethe yethu ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zezidakamizwa nobunzima bokuhamba nezimpahla. Nakuba umkhiqizo wabo ungekho, abalimi badinga okuthile abangasebenza ngakho. Ngokunokwenzeka, abakhiqizi bezolimo kuzodingeka bashintshele kumathuluzi e-analogu avumelana nesabelomali.
Futhi amazwi ambalwa mayelana nobuchwepheshe. Emnothweni wethu, imizamo emikhulu iqondiswe ekuthuthukisweni, ukuqinisa isisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza. Silungiselela le sizini, sa-oda ogandaganda ababili abenziwe kwamanye amazwe, sabakhokhela kodwa namanje akucaci ukuthi sizobathola nini nokuthi sizobathola nhlobo yini.
Manje ipulazi lethu selilungele ngokuphelele ukusebenza futhi lihlinzekwa ngakho konke okudingekayo. Isici esiyinhloko esibi esiyesabayo izimo zezulu. Ehlobo eledlule kwaba nesomiso - kuthiwani uma kwenzeka futhi? Asithembeli kuzibikezelo; sizosebenza ezimeni ezivelayo.
Kusuka kumhleli: Ngo-Ephreli 2022, u-KH Geletey I.I. uhlanganisa iminyaka engu-30. Sihalalisela inhloko yepulazi, u-Ivan Ivanovich Geletey, nabo bonke abasebenzi bebhizinisi ngosuku lwabo lokugubha usuku futhi sibafisela isizini eyimpumelelo!
U-Alexander Torbunov, inhloko yepulazi labalimi baseTorbunov, e-Chuvash Republic
50 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane
– Kule sizini sitshala amazambane etafula, izinhlobo ezibomvu ze-Red Scarlett, i-Gala, i-Queen Anne, i-Colomba. Indawo ayizange incitshiswe, ishiywe ezingeni elifanayo.
Kunezinkinga: amakhemikhali, izinto zokusebenza, izingxenye ezisele - konke kukhuphuke ngentengo cishe ngama-20-30%. Izindleko zethu zokulungiselela isizini zikhuphuke ngendlela efanayo ngenani elifanayo.
Ubunzima obukhulu obuzayo ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo. Izindleko zokupakisha ziphindwe kabili. Isibonelo, iyunithi ye-mesh ngaphambilini yayibiza ama-ruble angu-6, intengo entsha ingama-ruble angu-11. Kuhle ukuthi azikho izinkinga nge-logistics - sisebenza ngokuzilanda, isidingo samazambane sizinzile.
I-Yuri Subbotin, ibhizinisi langasese lepulazi i-Subbotin Yuri Nikolaevich, esifundeni saseKursk.
200 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane
- Sesineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 sikhiqiza amazambane amatafula; sitshala nobhontshisi wesoya, ukolweni, futhi sinezinhlelo zokudlwengula kanye nethanga. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ipulazi lenziwe lesimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bethulwa (ikakhulukazi, uhlelo lokuzulazula). Ngeshwa, kulo nyaka sehlisa indawo engaphansi kwamazambane ngamaphesenti angama-40.
Lokhu kungenxa, phakathi kokunye, ukuthi kule sizini asikwazanga ukuthola amaphutha entanjeni yokupakisha. Amazambane adinga ukupakishwa ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokudayisa. Sithumele isicelo sezingxenye ezisele zemishini yethu yokupakisha engenisiwe emuva ngoNovemba, kodwa izinsuku zokulethwa bezingakamenyezelwa kithi. Maningi amathuba okuthi ngeke sikwazi ukwethula imishini ngosuku oludingekayo. Kuzodingeka sisebenze ngezandla, kodwa abekho abasebenzi abanele - ipulazi lisemngceleni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukupakisha amazambane, udinga inetha. Manje sinikezwa ukuthenga iphakethe lamanetha ayi-2000 ngama-ruble angama-21. Kuze kube ngoMashi 000, izindleko zayo zazingama-ruble ayi-2022. Intengo iphindwe kabili. Futhi kudingeka sithenge amalebula nezitikha... Uma izindleko zokupakishwa zinganciphisi, sizophoqeleka ukuthi sibheke ezinye izixazululo zokuletha amazambane emaketangeni okuthengisa: mhlawumbe sizothumela imikhiqizo emabhokisini noma ezikhwameni ezinkulu.
Nakuba kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma mayelana nokupakisha. Ukutshala kuseza, kulo nyaka sibeke phambili izinhlobo zamazambane ezivela kwamanye amazwe: lezi I-Vega, Colomba, Bernina. Ngokwesiko sizotshala futhi Galu - ngevolumu encane, ngoba uma kukhona ukuntuleka komswakama, akunikezi ngaso sonke isikhathi umphumela oyifunayo, futhi asinakho ukuchelela epulazini lethu. Kodwa sibheka lezi ezihlukahlukene njengezinga lokunambitha namuhla. Sihlela nokuhlola izinhlobo zokukhethwa kweBelarusian - iBreeze neManifesto. Ake sibone ukuthi benza kanjani emhlabathini wethu osindayo waseKursk. Ngingathanda ukusebenza nezinhlobo zaseRussia uma zihlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe yesimanje.
Kulindeleke izinkinga eziningi ngesizini entsha.
Sinezinhlelo zokuzulazula, kodwa kulo nyaka kuzoba nzima ukuzisebenzisa - izimpawu zivalekile. Imishini yokuhamba ivumela ukutshala okunembe kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukwenza ukucubungula phakathi kwemigqa nokunciphisa iphesenti lezilimo eziyizigaxa eziluhlaza. Ngaphandle kwesistimu yokuhamba, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukutshala izitshalo zekhwalithi.
Izindleko zomanyolo wamaminerali kanye nemikhiqizo yokuvikela amakhemikhali zikhuphuke kakhulu. Njengoba sithenge izinto zokuzivikela ngaphambi konyaka omusha, futhi sisenezitoko zesizini ka-2021, ipulazi lethu labalimi ngeke libe nokuphazamiseka ngamakhemikhali kule sizini. Kodwa kukhona obunye ubunzima.
Imishini yokuvuna amazambane kanye nokutshala imifino epulazini lethu labalimi ithengwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngemva kokuvuna, siqala ngokushesha ukulungisa. Izindleko zokulungisa umvuni wamazambane ngoNovemba-Disemba zafinyelela kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1,2, intengo yokumba imimese ngalesi sikhathi yanda izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.
Futhi imvelo yenza umnikelo wayo: ukuqala kwenkathi yokutshala kuhlehlisiwe okwamanje. Ngo-2021, sahlwanyela ukolweni wasentwasahlobo ngoMashi 29. Kulo nyaka, uNkulunkulu akavumi, ngingahlwanyela okuthile ngaphambi kwePhasika. Manje sesinayo (kusukela ngo-11.04 - kusuka kumhleli) imvula, amakhaza nodaka emasimini. Kusobala ukuthi amazambane avela esifundeni saseKursk azofika azothengiswa kamuva kunokujwayelekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sithuthuka kanjani ezifundeni, iRussia yizwe elikhulu, sizovuna isivuno. Abantu baseRussia bazonikezwa amazambane nemifino.
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