Ochwepheshe Besikhungo Sochwepheshe Nezokuhlaziya Sebhizinisi Lezolimo "AB-Center" www.abcentincome.ru ilungisiwe ucwaningo lokumaketha lwemakethe yamazambane yaseRussia. Ngezansi ezinye izingcaphuno zomsebenzi wokuhweba ngamazambane kwesifunda.
Lokhu okuqukethwe kwethula idatha elinganisiwe ngevolumu yokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa kanye nebhalansi yezimakethe zesifunda zamazambane ezimboni.
Izilinganiso zezifunda ezinikelayo kanye nezifunda ezithola amazambane ziyavezwa.
Isifunda somnikeli - isifunda lapho umthamo wokukhiqiza udlula umthamo wokusetshenziswa. Isifunda somamukeli yisifunda lapho umthamo wokukhiqiza uphansi kunevolumu yokusetshenziswa.
Ukuze kuhlolwe inhloso eyengeziwe, ucwaningo luhlinzeka ngezinkomba zonyaka ezimaphakathi zika-2016-2020, njengoba idatha yesikhathi eside ibonisa ngokunembe kakhulu izidingo zangempela zezifunda zalo mkhiqizo. Umthelela wesimo sezulu nezinye izici awufakiwe (isibonelo, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa ngenxa yesomiso ngo-2010, ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamazambane ngo-2015).
Ekulungiseni izinto ezibonakalayo, idatha yesilinganiso sabantu sonyaka ngokwesifunda (yango-2016-2020) yasetshenziswa, kanye nezinkomba zemakethe ezilinganiselwe ezilandelayo:
- Isilinganiso sokukhiqiza saminyaka yonke amazambane okulinywa kwezimboni ngo-2016-2020 afinyelela ku-7 amathani ayizinkulungwane.
- Isilinganiso samavolumu wonyaka wokungenisa, kucatshangelwa umthamo wokungenisa okuvela emazweni we-Customs Union ye-EAEU, yayisezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-573,1.
- Isilinganiso samavolumu wonyaka wokuthekelisa amazambane avela eRussia esikhathini esingaphansi kokubuyekezwa abe ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-236,7.
- Isilinganiso somthamo wemakethe yonyaka amazambane/isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa konyaka (ingqikithi yokukhiqizwa kanye nokuthekelisa okuncane kwamanye amazwe) 2016-2020 zazisezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-7365,9 - ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokugcinwa.
- Ukunikezwa okumaphakathi konyaka amazambane okulinywa kwezimboni nge-capita ngayinye (ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokugcinwa, kucatshangelwa amanani atholiwe ukuze acutshungulwe) ngo-2016-2020 ifinyelele ku-50,2 kg.
Kuzo zonke izifunda zombuso waseRussia, umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwamazambane udlula umthamo wokusetshenziswa kuphela eCentral Federal District - ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-860,3 kanye nasesifundeni sase-Ural Federal - ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-65,9 (lezi izifunda zabanikeli).
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kwamazambane eCentral Federal District kwaba amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1, ukukhiqizwa - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-973,2. Phakathi kwezifunda ze-Central Federal District kukhona izifunda ezinikelayo eziyi-2 kanye nezifunda ezi-833,5 zabamukeli. Isifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke sabanikeli yisifunda saseBryansk, isifunda esibalulekile sabamukeli yiMoscow.
Ukwanelisa ukuzimela kweCentral Federal District yamazambane esikhathini esibhekwa njengeminyaka emihlanu (2016-2020) bekusezingeni le-143,6%.
Ukuzanelisa kusho isilinganiso sokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa ngokwemibandela yamaphesenti.
E-Ural Federal District, ukusetshenziswa kwakusezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-619,9, ukukhiqizwa - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-685,8. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunesifunda esisodwa kuphela esamukelayo esifundeni - isifunda saseChelyabinsk, ngokushoda kwamazambane okukhiqizwa kwawo ezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-58,9.
Kwezinye izifunda ze-Ural Federal District (izifunda zaseKurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen), amanani okukhiqiza adlula umthamo wokusetshenziswa.
Ukuzimela kwe-Ural Federal District yamazambane yi-110,6%.
Ukushoda okukhulu kakhulu kwamazambane akhiqizwe endaweni bekusezifundazweni zaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga naseFar Eastern Federal - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-348,5 neziyi-202,3, ngokulandelana.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izifunda zezifunda zabamukeli ezihlangabezana nokushoda kokukhiqizwa kwasendaweni. Ngakho-ke, ezifundeni zaseNovgorod nasePskov kunensada, isifunda saseKaliningrad sibuye sizimele ngokwaso. Isamba esishodayo esifundeni saseNyakatho Ntshonalanga Federal sidalwe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokukhiqizwa kwezinye izifunda zesifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiqulu yokusetshenziswa iphezulu eSt. Petersburg (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-268,3 ngonyaka).
Ngokuqondene neSifunda SaseMpumalanga Ekude, kuphela esifundeni saseSakhalin naseKamchatka Territory umthamo wokukhiqiza udlula umthamo wokusetshenziswa - ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-22,2 namathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-0,4, ngokulandelana.
Okulandelayo mayelana nokushoda kokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya, iSifunda SaseSiberian Federal silandela - amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-191,7, ukuzimela kwesifunda ngamazambane kungama-77,8%.
Izinkomba eziphansi kancane esifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasian Federal - amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-178,0. Izinga eliphelele lokuzanelisa lapha lingama-64,0%.
Lokhu kulandelwa yi-Southern Federal District, lapho kukhona ukuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwendawo ezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-171,4, ukuzimela kungu-79,2%. Sinye kuphela isifunda esinikelayo eSifundazweni Sase-Southern Federal - isifunda sase-Astrakhan.
Esifundeni saseVolga Federal, ibhalansi yemakethe iyonke nayo ayilungile. Ukushoda kokukhiqizwa kwendawo kungamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-170,7, futhi ukuzimela kusezingeni lama-88,5%. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunezifunda ezi-5 ezinikela ngamazambane esifundeni saseVolga Federal, futhi ezintathu zazo zinamandla amakhulu okuthekelisa kwesifunda - isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod, amaRiphabhulikhi aseChuvash nase-Udmurt.
Ngokocwaningo, ezifundeni ezingama-30 zaseRussia, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane ezimbonini kudlula ukusetshenziswa konyaka.
Isifunda esikhulu sabanikeli yisifunda saseBryansk. Ukukhiqizwa okumaphakathi konyaka ngo-2016-2020 lapha kwaba amathani ayizinkulungwane 850,4, ukusetshenziswa, ngokusho AB-Center, isezingeni amathani ayizinkulungwane 60,5. Isifunda sinamandla okuhlinzeka ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-789,8 zamazambane ngaphandle kwemingcele yaso (lokhu kungaphezu kwezidingo zonyaka zaseMoscow). Ukuzimela kwesifunda saseBryansk kumazambane yi-1%.
Endaweni yesibili yisifunda saseTula, lapho kudla amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-74,4 wamazambane ezimboni ngokukhiqiza okuphakathi konyaka okungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-534,3. Isifunda sinamandla okuhlinzeka ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-459,8 zamazambane ngaphandle kwemingcele yaso, ukuzenelisa kuku-717,7%.
Endaweni yesithathu phakathi kwezifunda ezinikela ngamazambane yisifunda sase-Astrakhan esinebhalansi yemakethe enhle engamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-254,7 kanye nokuzanelisa okungu-600,8%. Cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50,9 wamazambane ezimboni adliwa esifundeni, kanti kukhiqizwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-305,5.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi cishe wonke amazambane atshalwe esifundeni sase-Astrakhan angamazambane okuqala, avunwa engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni - Julayi. Amazambane amancane, ezimweni zamanani aphezulu enkathi yonyaka yalo mkhiqizo kulesi sikhathi, awagcinwa esitokisini, kodwa athengiswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna. Ngokuvamile, phakathi nesizini engasebenzi, isifunda singase singabi indawo yabanikelayo, kodwa sibe isifunda somamukeli.
Indawo yesine phakathi kwezifunda ezinikela ngamazambane, ngokusho kwe-AB-Center, ingeyesifunda saseNizhny Novgorod. Umthamo wokusetshenziswa lapha usezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-161,8, umthamo wokukhiqiza ungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-413,4. Umthamo wezinto ezingase zibe khona ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwesifunda zingamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-251,6. Ukuzimela kwesifunda ngamazambane kungu-255,4%.
Isifunda saseLipetsk sivala izifunda ezinhlanu eziphezulu zabanikeli. Ngomthamo osetshenziswayo wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-57,6, amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-169,7 amazambane akhiqizwa lapha. Ivolumu engaba khona yokulethwa kwezinye izifunda zeRussian Federation ilinganiselwa ku-112,2 amathani ayizinkulungwane, ukuzimela kungu-294,9%.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, kufaka phakathi izifunda ezinikelayo, ukuze kwehliswe izindleko endaweni ngayinye futhi kwandiswe umthamo kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo, amapulazi aya ngokuya asebenzisa izinhlelo zokunisela nge-drip lapho ekhula amazambane.
Izifunda ezingu-TOP-10 ezinensalela enkulu kakhulu yokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya zihlanganisa izifunda zaseChuvash Republic, Tver, Ryazan, Novgorod kanye neTambov.
Ezifundeni ezingama-52 zeRussian Federation, kukhona ukushoda kwamazambane ezimboni endawo.
Isifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke esamukelayo yiMoscow. Izidingo ezijwayelekile zonyaka zenhlokodolobha kumazambane zilinganiselwa yi-Expert and Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center" ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-629,3. Ukulethwa eMoscow kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zaseBryansk, Tula, Lipetsk, Tver, Tambov, ezinye izifunda zeCentral Federal District, kanye naseVolga Federal District (Isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod, iRiphabhulikhi yaseChuvash nezinye izifunda). . Esikhathini esingaphandle (ikakhulukazi ngo-Ephreli-Juni) - ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwenziwa eGibhithe, kwa-Israyeli, e-Azerbaijan nakwamanye amazwe. Ukulethwa okuvela e-Belarus kusezingeni eliphezulu (kwenziwe kokubili ngenkathi yokuvuna kanye nangenkathi engekho). NgoJuni-Julayi, amazambane okuqala enziwe eRussia angeniswa (ikakhulukazi evela eKrasnodar Territory nase-Astrakhan Region).
Endaweni yesibili iSt. Petersburg enezidingo zonyaka ezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-268,3. Ukudiliva amazambane e-St. Petersburg nakho kwenziwa ezifundeni ze-Central Federal District, i-Southern Federal District nakwamanye amazwe.
Indawo yesithathu phakathi kwezifunda zomamukeli ingeyeKrasnodar Territory. Isilinganiso sonyaka somthamo wokukhiqizwa kwezimboni lapha singamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-98,4 kuphela. Umthamo wokusetshenziswa ulinganiselwa ku-282,1 amathani ayizinkulungwane. Izidingo zesifunda zokulethwa kwezidingo ezivela ngaphandle, ngokusho kwe-AB-Center, zifinyelela kumathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-183,8.
Indawo yesine phakathi kwezifunda zabamukeli yiRiphabhulikhi yaseBashkortostan, eyesihlanu yiRiphabhulikhi yaseDagestan.
Izifunda eziyishumi ezihamba phambili ezinokuntuleka okuphezulu kakhulu kwamazambane akhiqizwa kuleli zifaka nesifunda saseSaratov, iRiphabhulikhi yaseCrimea, iSifunda saseNovosibirsk, iRiphabhulikhi yaseChechen kanye nePerm Territory.