UMnyango Wezolimo Wesifunda SaseChelyabinsk uxoxe ngamathuba okugwema ukuncika kwamanye amazwe ekukhiqizeni imbewu yemifino ngokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwembewu yezimboni zesifunda, isevisi yabezindaba yoMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia ibika.
Ummeleli wenkampani yaseNingizimu Ural yokuzalanisa nokutshala imbewu i-Heterosis Selection ukhulume ngamakhono kule ndawo. Ibhizinisi linganikeza amapulazi emifino ngembewu yokukhiqizwa kwawo ukuze asakaze esikalini sezimboni.
Esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, kanye nakuyo yonke iRussia, kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990, isimo siye sakhula kancane kancane lapho amabhizinisi okukhula kwemifino esetshenziswa kakhulu imbewu yemifino evela kwamanye amazwe - iklabishi, izaqathe, namabhitrudi. Ngakho-ke, udaba lokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe seluyaphuthuma embonini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba ochwepheshe bephawula, embonini ehlobene - ukukhulisa amazambane - isisekelo esihle senzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yethu yamazambane. Amabhizinisi ezolimo "Krasnoarmeiskoye", LLC "Agroresurs", South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato Growing asebenza ngempumelelo kule ndlela.
Ekukhuleni kwemifino, amapulazi ayadingeka azosebenza ngokukhethekile ekusakazeni izinhlobo zasekhaya zezitshalo zemifino. Umbuzo uyathakazelisa ngoba kunezinkampani esifundeni ezenza umsebenzi wokukhetha kulolu hlangothi - i-NGO "Gardens of Russia" (isifunda saseKrasnoarmeysky) kanye ne-LLC "Heterosis Selection" (Miass). Zombili lezi zinkampani zigxile ekutshaleni izingadi, kodwa namuhla i-Heterosis Selection inezindawo ezigciniwe zokuhlinzeka ngembewu yokutshalwa kwezimboni nokusabalalisa.
U-Sergey Sirota, isekela lomqondisi wenkampani, utshele mayelana nemisebenzi ye-Heterosis Breeding ezinhloko zamapulazi emifino ezingaqala imifino yokutshala imbewu. Ibhizinisi lakhiwe ngesisekelo sepulazi i-Miass-Sortsemoshch, ebelisebenza eMiass kusukela ngo-1935. Emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule, umgomo wawuwukuvuselela ukuzalanisa kwasekhaya nokukhiqizwa kwembewu, ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe nezikhiqizayo zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zemifino: beet, izaqathe, iklabishi, ukhukhamba, utamatisi nabanye. Futhi baphumelela: Abalimi be-Miass baye badala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-370 zezitshalo zemifino ne-melon, okuyizinhlobo ezingu-204 zazo kakade zengezwe kurejista yombuso. U-Sergey Sirota wethule izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezaqathi nama-beet ezifuywa ososayensi benkampani, okuthi, ngenxa yezici zabo zezentengiselwano, zingasetshenziswa nasekukhiqizeni izimboni: izaqathe ezibomvu ze-Red Star, iSankina Love, i-Black Magic beet, i-Matushka Matrena, i-Ural Refined ".
“Ziningi iziqiwu ekukhiqizeni imbewu,” esho. - Ezimweni zase-Urals naseSiberia, ungathola imiphumela emihle. Izimfanelo ezihlukahlukene zemikhiqizo yethu ziphezulu. "
Kulo nyaka, imbewu ye "Heterosis Selection" izohlwanyelwa ezindaweni zokuhlola "e-Akbashevsky State Farm" esifundeni sase-Argayashsky. Ehlobo, kuhlelwe ukuba kube noSuku Lwensimu lwesifunda lwezitshalo zemifino. Abaphathi bezinkampani ezikhulayo zemifino bazokwazi ukuhlola izitshalo kanye namathuba okukhula kwemifino kusuka ku-"Heterosis Selection" emasimini abo.
U-Anna Gubina, inhloko yomnyango wokukhiqiza izitshalo woMnyango Wezolimo wakulesi sifunda, ukhulume ngokusekela kombuso kwamapulazi anquma ukuzibandakanya ekukhiqizeni imbewu.
“Kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi asithakasele lesi sihloko futhi aqale ukutshala imbewu kulo nyaka. I-Argayashsky, izifunda zaseSosnovsky ziyindawo enhle kakhulu yokukhiqiza imbewu yezitshalo zemifino. Ukwesekwa kombuso kunganikezwa ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-capex - ekwakhiweni kwezikhungo zokuzalanisa nembewu, ngaphansi kohlelo lokubolekwa kwemali okunemvume yokuthengwa kwemishini. Izibonelelo zinganikezwa ukuthuthukisa nokusabalalisa izinhlobo njengengxenye ye-R&D. Njengoba ukuchelela kwandisa umthamo kanye nekhwalithi yezitshalo zemifino, umbuso unxephezela u-50% wezindleko zokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokubuyisela kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwemifino kulo nyaka kungenye yezinto esizibeke eqhulwini, ngakho uxhaso lokutshala imifino namazambane lunyusiwe,” kusho u-Anna Gubina.
Njengoba isazi sezolimo esiyinhloko se-Regional Association of Enterprises ekutshaleni imifino namazambane, uLidia Smirnova, uthe, phambilini amabhizinisi akhula amazambane nemifino esifundeni ahlinzekwa ngokugcwele ngembewu yendawo. Ukuvuselelwa kokukhiqizwa kwembewu yesifunda kuwumsebenzi wesikhathi eside, kodwa kakade kulo nyaka, amapulazi azobe esebenza ezitshalweni zembewu yezitshalo zemifino angase avele esifundeni.