Kulo nyaka, esifundeni saseSamara, ngokokuqala ngqá, i-drone yahlwanyela amahektha amaningana ngesinaphi ne-clover emnandi. Bekuyisivivinyo sokuqala salolu hlobo esifundeni. Isisindo somthwalo okhokhelwayo sasingu-20 kg nesisindo esithe ukukhudlwana se-drone ngokwayo. incwadi yezolimo yegatsha likahulumeni "isifundazwe saseVyatka".
I-drone yafakwa futhi yalungiselelwa ukuhlolwa yithimba lochwepheshe elihlanganise abalimi, othisha nabafundi baseSamara State Agrarian University.
Ngonyaka odlule, irayisi yahlwanyelwa eKrasnodar kusetshenziswa i-drone. Inkundla egcwele izikhukhula enendawo engu-5,7 ha ikhethelwe ukuhlolwa. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuhlwanyela irayisi ngesandla, ngakho indiza engenazindiza yasiza abalimi. Ingahamba ngokukhululeka futhi isabalalise kahle imbewu enamazinga okuhlwanyela angama-35 kanye nama-50 kg/ha.
Emazweni aseMpumalanga Asia (China, Thailand, Japan, South Korea), isidingo se-sprayer drones sikhula ngokushesha. U-70% wezindawo ezifuthwa ngama-drones e-China zihlala irayisi, ukolweni nommbila zisendaweni yesibili neyesithathu. Ama-drones aphinde acubungule isithombo sebhitrudi, ubhatata namasimu ezithelo.
E-Japan, baye baqhubekela phambili futhi kakade sebesebenzisa ama-drones ngentshiseko ngenkathi yokuhlwanyela - futhi, bahlwanyela ikakhulukazi irayisi.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, isithakazelo sabameleli be-agro-industrial complex ezimotweni zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu zikhule kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwabahlaziyi, ngo-2024 imakethe yomhlaba wonke yama-drones wezolimo izodlula i-$ 1 billion.
I-drone iyakwazi ukundiza ezindaweni ezinkulu ngamahora ambalwa. Lokhu kuvumela ama-agronomists ukuthi aqaphe isimo sezitshalo ngesikhathi sangempela, anqume izinga lomswakama emhlabathini. Ama-drones anekhamera ye-multispectral azosiza ukuthola izindawo ensimini ezithola amanani anele noma adlulele kamanyolo noma amanzi. Umgomo wokusebenza kwekhamera ye-multispectral ukuthwebula imisebe ehlukahlukene yokukhanya kwelanga ebonakala ebusweni bezitshalo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-drones ayakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo: opharetha udinga nje ukusetha umzila futhi aqondise kuphaneli yokulawula, futhi i-drone izoqedela umsebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ama-UAV asebenza emabalazweni enkundla, okusho ukuthi awakwazi ukundiza aphume enkundleni.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu usebenzisa izixazululo ezingenamuntu kuyisici esisha sama-drones. Njengoba zihlome ngezisakazi ezikhethekile, zindiza phezu kwamasimu futhi ziwaphonsa emhlabathini, kanye nemisoco.
Kwezolimo, ama-UAV endiza enophephela emhlane ene-multi-axis noma uhlobo lwe-"multicopter" anamathuba amahle kakhulu. Banezinzuzo eziningi zobuchwepheshe:
- ukumuka okuqondile kanye nokufika ngaphandle kokulungiselela indawo ekhethekile;
- ukuhleleka okuphezulu nokuzinza, ukuhlinzeka ngokunemba okuphezulu kokuhlwanyela;
- izinga lezingozi eliphansi ngenani elamukelekile.
Ububi bazo obuyinhloko umthamo wabo ophansi wokuthwala kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokundiza. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi manje basebenza kanzima ukuze baqede lezi zinkinga futhi banikeze amamodeli amaningi anezici ezamukelekayo zokutshala umoya.
Inqubo yokuhlwanyela kusuka ku-drone imvamisa ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ibalazwe lensimu elinembile ukuze kutholwe indawo efanele yembewu ngayinye. Khona-ke inqubo yokuhlwanyela iqhutshwa endleleni yendiza edalwe ngaphambili. Ngalobu buchwepheshe, kusetshenziswa imbewu ekhethekile ye-pelleted, eyingqimba-by-layer ehlanganiswe nezinhlanganisela ezikhethekile, ezihlanganisa izakhi, izakhi zokulandelela, izilawuli zokukhula, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nezibulala-zinambuzane ezixosha izinambuzane.
Imiklamo yezinye izinkimbinkimbi zokuhlwanyela ihilela ukusetshenziswa hhayi kuphela kwembewu ye-pellets, kodwa futhi nama-capsules akhethekile enza lula ukungena kwawo emhlabathini nokuhluma. Futhi, imishini yokuhlwanyela enembewu ye-centrifugal isanda kuqala ukwethulwa.