Kunabalandeli abaningi bokudla okunempilo, kepha ingabe bayadla ukudla okuphephile? Ama-bioproduct, amaphesenti angama-100 emvelo, anobungane bemvelo - lawa magama aya ethandwa kakhulu.
Abenzi bokudla emhlabeni wonke bawasebenzisa ngokuzikhandla kumaqubulo agcwele ukupakisha, eheha abathengi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, eKazakhstan, ukusetshenziswa kwale magama ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokukhiqiza ubudlelwano bomphakathi. Lo mkhiqizo we-organic kumele ube nesitifiketi esikhethekile. Namuhla ezweni kunabakhiqizi abangama-61 abatshala imikhiqizo e-organic endaweni engamahektare angama-280 kuphela. Lawa ngamapulazi ezifunda i-Akmola, iKaraganda, Kostanay kanye neNyakatho Kazakhstan. Bathumela phesheya izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zemikhiqizo, kufaka phakathi ukolweni, ifilakisi, udali, uphizi, ibhali, i-canola, ufulawa, uwoyela wemifino.
Isibonelo, esifundeni saseKostanay kuphela lapho kunamabhizinisi anjalo angama-20, phakathi kwawo - ama-ukhilimu amabili.
Bathole izitifiketi zaseYurophu zemikhiqizo eseqediwe futhi bazikhiqizela ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezitshalwe emasimini abo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izibulala zinambuzane.
Abantu abakude nezolimo bakholelwa ukuthi imikhiqizo ekhiqiza imvelo ikhiqizwa ezweni lethu. Kepha lokhu kuyiqiniso kuphela: akekho owahlaziya, ngokwesibonelo, izinkwa zokutholakala kwezinsalela zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kanye nokubulala ukhula amasimu ayephathwa ngawo. Abalimi abaningi basebenzisa amakhemikhali anezimpawu ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kepha kukhona labo, abafuna ukunciphisa izindleko zabo ekutholeni izitshalo, basebenzise imixube esindayo yamaShayina. Sekuvele kufakazelwe ukuthi zinganqwabelana emhlabathini, kukolweni ofanayo noma kwezinye izitshalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kokwazi, sizifaka ubuthi ngokungazi.
Ngokusho kwabakwa-oncologists, inani leziguli likhula minyaka yonke eKazakhstan, ababeki imiphumela yamakhemikhali asele angena emzimbeni ngokudla.
Emazweni athuthukile, lobu budlelwano buvele bulandelwa isikhathi eside futhi baqala ukushiya ngenkuthalo umsebenzi wamakhemikhali emasimini futhi bakhiqize imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo. Kunentuthuko eKazakhstan, kepha lokhu kuyingxenye encane. Amapulazi amaningi akhula ngomanyolo asuselwa kwamanye amazwe. Yini evimbela ukuthi bondle amaKazakhstanis? Njengoba kwenzeka, kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu.
Ukuze uthole isitifiketi phesheya
Mayelana nesidingo sokukhulisa imikhiqizo e-organic eKazakhstan, okukhulunywa ngayo ngo-2013-2014. Baxabana isikhathi eside, benza iziphakamiso, babhala umthetho obizwa nge-Organic Farming, kwathi ngonyaka we-2016 waqala ukusebenza. Kepha esikhundleni semakethe yasekhaya, imikhiqizo yathunyelwa kuphela. Enye yezizathu ukuthi izwe belingenalo ilabhorethri elingakwazi ukwenza lonke ucwaningo oludingekayo futhi likhiphe isitifiketi, futhi izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zazingasaphuthumi ukungena ezweni ngenxa yemibalo emincane. ngalokho amapulazi anqume ukushintshela ekulimeni okulungiselelwe i-organic kwadingeka axhumane nezindawo zokusebenzela zangaphandle. Elinye lamapulazi anjalo yi-Uspenovka LLP.
“Ngo-2015 sithole isitifiketi emhlabeni wonke futhi sizibandakanye ekwenzeni umkhiqizo we-organic,” kusho umqondisi ipulazi "Uspenovka" Anatoly SERGEEV. - Zonke izifundo zamasampula womkhiqizo zenziwa eJalimane. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa, imikhiqizo yethu ibonwa njenge-organic. Lesi kuphela isigaba sokuqala. Lapho sithumela imikhiqizo eYurophu, iyaphinde ihlolwe, futhi uma imiphumela yekhwalithi ingaqinisekisiwe, kufanele siyibuyisele emuva noma siyithengise ngentengo ejwayelekile. Le yinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ende. Isitifiketi sibiza ama-euro ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20, ukuhlaziya okukodwa kubiza ama-euro angama-700, kanye nokulethwa kwesampula eJalimane. Izindleko ezinkulu zokuhamba. Futhi-ke, intengo yemikhiqizo ye-organic izoba ngaphezulu kakhulu.
Kungani abaseYurophu bathenga imikhiqizo yethu? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu baqala ukunakekela impilo yabo. Abafuni nokuzifaka ubuthi, ngoba konke okungase kufakwe ubuthi, sebevele bazifakele ubuthi. Manje bathumela zonke ubuthi kithi, futhi siyajabula ukuthi umkhiqizo wethu uyanda, isibalo sokhula siyancipha. Kepha ukuthola impilo encane. Sidinga ukuhlala siphilile ngokudla okuhlanzekile. Leli bhizinisi lidinga ukuphathwa lapha ezweni lakini.
Yini eyehlisa inqubo?
Ngokusho kuka-Anatoly Sergeyev, angajabulela ukuthengisa imikhiqizo yakhe emakethe yasekhaya. Kepha kukhona okumbalwa ...
"Sikhuluma kakhulu ngemikhiqizo yemvelo emibuthanweni emincane, kepha sidinga ukuqala ngokwazisa abantu," kusho okwezolimo. - Abantu abazi ukuthi yini imikhiqizo emsulwa. Bangabizwa ngokuthi yi-organic, bio-product. Izakhamizi zinomqondo ohlukile: uma umkhiqizo ungokwemvelo, bakholelwa ukuthi ukhuliswa ngokusebenzisa izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi umquba. Kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso. Ukulima ngokwemvelo akuyona nje ukwenqaba ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali emasimini, kodwa futhi nokuthola isitifiketi, kanye nokulawulwa okuqhubekayo yinkampani eyikhiphile.
- E-Kazakhstan, sekuthathwe umthetho, kunezindinganiso zemikhiqizo ye-eco-, ngonyaka ka-2019, kwasayinwa i- "Road Map of Organic Agriculture". Kubukeka sengathi kukhona konke, kepha akukho okusebenzayo, - kusho umongameli we- "Organic Farming Association" Vadim LOPUKHIN. - Ezweni kunamabhizinisi akhula ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, kepha ikakhulukazi athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kunamabhizinisi amaningi abandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwendalo nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo eseqediwe. Inani lezimboni ezinjalo kufanele lenyuswe futhi uxhaso luhlinzekwe ngumbuso. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, uphawu lukazwelonke lokudla okuphilayo lwavunywa, kepha namuhla le ilebula ayikho kwimikhiqizo yethu. Umthetho wamukelwa eminyakeni emi-4 eyedlule, kepha ngeke uqale ukwenza ngendlela okufanele.
Ngokusho kukaLopukhin, ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo ezifuywayo kuvinjelwa yizinto ezi-2 - ukungabi nalwazi kwabalimi nabathengi kanye nemakethe engekho esebenzayo yemikhiqizo yezilwane eziphila ezweni. Lemisebenzi emibili idinga ukubhekelelwa.
Inqubo yokuheha abalimi ukuthi bagcwalise imakethe yasekhaya ngemikhiqizo ephilayo kufanele ngabe yasuka emhlabathini ngisho nangaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 eyedlule. Ngenkathi i-JSC "Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sobuchwepheshe" sithola ukugunyazwa kokwenza ucwaningo nokukhipha izitifiketi zemikhiqizo ephilayo. Kepha izinto zisekhona: ngalesi sikhathi abakakhiphi isitifiketi esisodwa sikazwelonke.
"Isikhungo sethu singakhipha izitifiketi zemikhiqizo yezolimo, kepha abalimi abanasifiso sokuthola isitifiketi seKazakhstan, ngoba banesifiso esikhulu sokuthumela ngaphandle," kusho UDinara URAZBEKOVA, uchwepheshe wegatsha laseKostanay leNational Center for Expertise, oyilungu leKhomishini yezombusazwe ukuthola isitifiketi semikhiqizo ye-organic. - Abalimi abavela ezifundeni eziseningizimu basondele kithi, kepha bakhiqiza inani elincane lemikhiqizo, futhi ngabo ukuthola isitifiketi akunanzuzo.
Kepha noma kunjalo, umbuthano obanzi wabalimi awazi ukuthi isikhungo esinjalo besisebenza ezweni isikhathi eside kangaka.
"Ngisho nami, umuntu obesebenza iminyaka emi-5, angizwanga lutho ngelebhu," kuchaza u-Anatoly Sergeyev. - Noma ngingajabula ukuthola isitifiketi sikazwelonke. Njengoba ngaphandle kwamasimu ngine-mill futhi ngikwazi ukuhambisa ufulawa we-organic. Kukhona indawo yokubhaka lapho sasingabhaka khona isinkwa se-organic kanye nezinye izimpahla ezibhakiwe. Izindleko zayo zizobe zibiza kakhulu ngamaphesenti angama-50-60 kunokujwayelekile.
Abalimi bakwaKostanai bathumele iziphakamiso zabo eMnyangweni Wezolimo kanye neqembu lezolimo ePhalamende lokuthi zingasizwa kanjani izinto ezifuywayo zasekhaya zifinyelele emashalofini ezitolo zaseKazakhstani. Phakathi kweziphakamiso - isidingo sokwakha indlela ecacile yokwakhiwa kwezolimo eziphilayo. Kungani amapulazi anezitifiketi zomhlaba wonke angazi ukuthi angasithola kanjani isitifiketi sasekhaya? Kwabuye kwahlongozwa futhi ukuhlanganisa umthwalo wokuzibophezela komunye wongqongqoshe abaphethe ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ikusasa ngelomkhiqizo ongayonakalisi imvelo, kepha uma kukhulunywa ngeKazakhstanis kusengumbuzo omkhulu.
KOSTAN
Umbhali: Tatiana Derevyanko