Ngaphambi kokuba baqale uhambo lwesikhathi eside emkhathini, abantu kudingeka bafunde ukulima ukudla emkhathini, kusho ososayensi baseChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zesimanje azinanzuzo futhi zikhiqiza ngokwanele ukuthi zisetshenziswe emapulazini asemkhathini. Ochwepheshe bahlongoza isu lokukhulisa izitshalo ezidliwayo ngokugcwele ngokusekelwe entuthukweni ye-biotechnology.
Amazambane ayisitshalo esivumayo kakhulu kwezolimo zasemkhathini. Inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- isivuno esikhulu sama-tubers acebile kuma-carbohydrate anganikeza inani elikhulu lamandla kubantu;
- lula ukulima emapulazini emkhathini;
- ithuba lokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezijwayelekile ngesikhathi sokundiza emkhathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazambane angakwazi ukukhiqiza kokubili ngokocansi (ngembewu) kanye ne-vegetatively (ngosizo lwezilimo eziyizigaxa). Izazi zezitshalo zaseShayina zakha umqondo we-WBEEP, okusho ukuthi eziningi ezintsha zidinga ukwengezwa kulezi zinzuzo, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka:
- cindezela izakhi zofuzo ezibhekene nokuqoqwa kwe-solanine ukwenza iziqongo zidle. I-Solanine, evikela lesi sitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni, yenza iziqu zamazambane, amaqabunga nezithelo zibe ushevu kubantu. Enye indlela iwukwethula izakhi zofuzo zesihlobo sawo, utamatisi, zibe amazambane, nawo anqwabelanisa i-solanine kodwa awaguqule abe into edliwayo esithelweni.
- yenza amazambane akhiqize amavithamini amaningi kanye nezakhamzimba. Lokhu kuhlongozwa ukuba kwenziwe ngokushintsha i-metabolism yesitshalo, okuzosiphoqa ukuthi sidle izinto ezingavuthiwe futhi sisebenzise ngokwezomnotho izakhi zamakhemikhali ezikhiqiziwe ngokwezidingo zaso.
- thuthukisa ukukhula kwe-tuber. Okokuqala, lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthuthukisa i-photosynthesis kanye nokuthuthwa kwezinto kusuka emaqabunga kuya ezimpandeni, ngoba ukwakheka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezithatha inani elikhulu lamandla elanga. Okufanayo kuye kwenziwa ngaphambili elayisi nogwayi, futhi ososayensi banethemba lokuphinda lokho kumazambane.
- kwandisa amathuba okuthola umanyolo. Izitshalo zidinga izakhi zamakhemikhali eziningi ukuze zikhule, ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, namazambane nawo adinga i-potassium. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa isidingo sokuhlinzeka lawa manyolo avela eMhlabeni ngokushintsha izimpande nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwamakhemikhali.
Nakuba kuzoba nesidingo esisebenzayo se-WBEEP embonini yasemkhathini isikhathi eside, ososayensi bahlongoza ukuthuthukisa isitshalo esinjalo manje, ngoba singaba usizo ekutshaleni izitshalo eMhlabeni.