IA FruitNews.ru ishicilela ukuhlaziya isimo emakethe yezitshalo zaseRussia ngesizini ka-2018/2019.
Ukuhlola okunembile kwesimo ngokuvunwa kwemikhiqizo yasendaweni kanye nokuncintisana nokungenisa ngaphakathi kwesizini eyodwa yokuhlinzeka, sibheka isithombe semakethe izinyanga eziyi-12 ukusuka kuJulayi 1 kuya kuJuni 30 wonyaka olandelayo. Ukuhlaziywa kokukhiqizwa kwasendaweni kulokhu kubuyekezwa kususelwa ezinkomba zezinhlangano zezolimo, osomabhizinisi abazimele, namapulazi abampofu.
Ngokumelene nesizinda sokwanda okujwayelekile kokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yendawo, ukungeniswa kwemifino emisha eRussia ngesizini ka-2018/2019. kwehle ngo-9%, noma cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-220 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Empeleni, ukwehla kokungeniswa kwempahla kungenxa yokwehla kokutholakala kwamazambane. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhiqizwa kweRussia kwemifino yasensimini evulekile kwehle ngo-2% - ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-96, kanti imifino ebamba ukushisa, kunalokho, inyuke ngo-14% - ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-161.
Amazambane
Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane eRussia ngesizini ka-2018/2019. lenyuke ngamathani ayi-6% noma angama-414. Isilimo sifinyelele kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-7,158. Abakhiqizi bamazambane baseRussia abaphumelelanga ukwephula irekhodi lika-2015, kepha inkambiso ejwayelekile ekukhuleni komkhiqizo iyaqhubeka.
Ithebula 3. Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane eRussia 1990 - 2018 * Source: Service Federal State Statistics Service (2018)
Ukungenisa, njengoba sekushiwo, kwehle ngo-45% kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-569 ngesizini ka-2017/2018. kuze kufike kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-316 ngo-2018/2019
Izimpahla ezivela eGibhithe zehle cishe izikhathi ezintathu - ukusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3 kuya kumathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-359. Ukudiliva okuvela kwabanye abahlinzeki abakhulu - i-Azerbaijan, China, Belarus, Israel, Morocco nabanye - nakho kwehlile. Ngasikhathi sinye, iPakistan iphindaphinde ubukhona bayo emakethe yaseRussia - kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-127 kuya kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2.
Iklabishi
Isivuno seklabishi ngo-2018 sehle ngo-16% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule saba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-873. Isabelo samapulazi esivuno esiphelele siyakhula. Ngakho-ke ngonyaka we-2018, abalimi sebevele sebekhule ngaphezu kwengxenye yenani lesisindo sezitshalo - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-445. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ivolumu yokukhiqizwa kweklabishi emapulazini ku-Rosstat idatha isanda kulungiswa esikhathini esivela ku-2007 ngenkathi kubalwa kabusha uchungechunge lwesikhathi sezinkomba ngazinye ngokuya ngemiphumela ye-All-Russian Agricultural Census ka-2016. Isimo esifanayo sesivelile eminye imifino eminingi.
Ithebula 5. Ukukhiqizwa kweklabishi eRussia 1990-2018 (amathani) * umthombo: Federal State Statistics Service (2018)
Ukuphendula ukwehla kokukhiqizwa, ukungeniswa kweklabishi ngesizini ka-2018/2019. inyuke isuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-90 yaba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-113. Phakathi kwabahlinzeki abakhulu kunabo bonke, i-Iran yathutha isuka ku-5th yaya ku-3, yathola indawo yayo kokuthathu okuphezulu futhi yandisa ukudonsa iklabishi kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha (ngo-6/2017) yaya kumathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-2018. I-China ne-Uzbekistan zilondoloze isikhundla esiholayo emakethe yokungenisa iklabishi yaseRussia. I-Belarus neKazakhstan, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinciphise kakhulu inani labo, okungahle kube ngenxa yokwehliswa kokuphinda kuthunyelwe noma ukususwa ngokuphelele kwamavolumu eklabishi anikezwe iRussia kusuka kubakhiqizi basePoland kuya endaweni yethunzi lemakethe.
Izaqathe
Ngemuva kokukhuphuka okukhulu eminyakeni emine eyedlule, ukukhiqizwa kwekherothi ngo-2018 kwehle ngo-4%, isivuno safinyelela kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-810.
Ithebula 6. Ukukhiqizwa kwekherothi eRussia 1990 - 2018 (amathani) * umthombo: Service Federal State Statistics Service (2018)
Ukungenisa izaqathe ku-2018/2019 kukhombise ukukhuphuka okuncane - futhi kusuka ezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-180 ngonyaka ngaphambili, lenyuke laya kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-187. Abaholi yi-Israel, Belarus, China.
I-Beetroot
Imakethe yebhungane ngonyaka we-2018 ibone ukwanda komkhiqizo wendawo - ngo-11% kuya kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-427. Lezi izibalo ezirekhodiwe zeminyaka engama-20 edlule. Ngonyaka owedlule, kwaqoqwa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-384, kwathi ngo-2016 - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-404. Lawa bekungamazinga aphezulu wesivuno kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90. Eqinisweni, inani lokukhiqiza kulesi sigaba lidlule izinga lika-1991.
Ithebula 8. ukukhiqizwa kweBeet eRussia 1990-2018 (amathani) * umthombo: Isetshenziswa Lwezibalo Sezinkampani Zombuso (2018)
Ukungeniswa kuka-Beet eRussia kuncane kakhulu. Ngesizini ka-2018/2019, yahlala cishe ezingeni lonyaka odlule - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25. I-China ihlala ingumphakeli ohamba phambili, ihlinzeka ngaphezu kwe-80% yakho konke ukungeniswa kwebhungane emakethe yaseRussia. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpahla ezivela eChina zanda kakhulu, kuyilapho lezo ezivela kwamanye amazwe aholayo ngokwezimpahla - iMoldova, i-Israel, iBelarus, neTurkey - zehle kakhulu.
Anyanisi
Isivuno sika-anyanisi sehle ngo-11%, safinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-2018 ngo-1,034. Ngasikhathi sinye, iningi lesivuno - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-661 - lalikhuliswa ngabalimi.
Ithebula 10. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-anyanisi eRussia 1990-2018 (amathani) * umthombo: Federal State Statistics Service (2018)
Ekuphenduleni ukwehliswa kwezitshalo, ukuthengwa kwe-anyanisi okuya eRussia ngonyaka we-2018/2019 kukhuphuke ngo-18% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka owedlule futhi kwedlule amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200. I-Gibhithe yathatha indawo yokuqala phakathi kwabathumela i-anyanisi eRussia, okwandisa ukwedlula okwenziwe ngabangaphezulu kuka-60%. Ilandelwa yiChina, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Netherlands kanye namanye amazwe.
Imifino Evikelwe Engaphansi
Ngokusho kukaRosstat, isivuno semifino ebamba ukushisa ngonyaka ka-2018 saba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,135. Uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, lapho isivuno sifinyelela kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-974, ukwanda kwaba ngu-17%. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo, cishe u-60% wemikhiqizo yokushisa okushisa uwela kukhukhamba, cishe u-38,5% kutamatisi, futhi cishe u-1,5% ezitshalweni eziluhlaza nakweminye imifino (izitshalo zamaqanda, upelepele wensimbi, njll.) isivuno kulesi sigaba sesivele siwumkhuba ozinzile kusukela ngo-2011, kodwa ngokuzayo lo mkhuba ungashintsha ngenxa yokwehliswa kwezinhlelo zemixhaso yokwakhiwa kwezindawo ezisebenzisa ukushisa okushisayo kanye nokunyamalala kwamathuba okuxhuma izakhiwo zokushisa nokushisa ezishibhile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngemuva kokuqina komncintiswano phakathi kwabakhiqizi bekhukhamba, ukukhula ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo yokushisa okushisayo eminyakeni emibili edlule kubangelwa kakhulu utamatisi nezinye izitshalo. Ngaphezu kwamaphrojekthi wendabuko wamakhukhamba akhulayo, utamatisi kanye namakhambi, izakhiwo zokugcina izithombo zokushisa zizama izitshalo zezitshalo ezikhulayo, upelepele kanye namajikijolo.
Ithebula 12. Ukukhiqizwa kwemifino ebamba ukushisa eRussia 1990-2018 (amathani) * umthombo: Federal State Statistics Service (2018)
Vula utamatisi womhlaba
Ukuvunwa kwamatamatisi endaweni evulekile ngonyaka we-2018 kufinyelele kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-893 (+ 11% kuya ekuvuneni kuka-2017), kuqhubeke umkhuba wokukhula kweminyaka emine. Ukuqhakaza okumangalisa kakhulu ekukhuleni kokukhiqizwa kukatamatisi ngezikhathi ezithile kwenzeka ngonyaka we-2017, lapho amabhizinisi amaningi amakhulu womjikelezo ogcwele kusuka ekutshalelweni kuye ekukhiqizweni kokunamathisela utamatisi aqala ukusebenza kanyekanye, futhi isivuno salolu hlobo lomkhiqizo ezweni sakhula amahlandla aphindwe kanye.
Ithebula 14. Ukukhiqizwa kwamatamatisi asendaweni evulekile eRussia 1990 - 2018 (amathani) * umthombo: Federal State Statistics Service (2018)
Vula ukhukhamba lwensimu
Ngo-2018, amathani eziyinkulungwane ezingama-124 wamakhukhamba avuniwe, kuwo angama-73 ayizinkulungwane amathani atshalwe abalimi. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2017, ukukhula bekungama-9%, kepha behluleka ukwedlula amazinga wamarekhodi wonyaka we-2014, lapho sekuqoqwe amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-165.
Ithebula 15. Ukukhiqizwa kwamakhukhamba avulekile eRussia 1990 - 2018 (amathani) * umthombo: Federal State Statistics Service (2018)
Ukungenisa utamatisi namakhukhamba
Ngokubheka ukukhula komkhiqizo womabili abamba ukushisa kanye notamatisi wonyaka kanye namakhukhamba, ukungeniswa kwale mifino kuyehla. Ngesizini ka-2018/2019. umthamo wokungenisa utamatisi eRussia wehle ngo-6% waya kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-541. Ukwehla okuphawuleka kakhulu kwezinto ezivela eChina - kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100 kuye kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-67, iMorocco - kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-98 kuya kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-63,5 neBelarus (isb. Evela kubahlinzeki baseYurophu) - kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-63,3 kuya Amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-49,8. Lawa mazwe athatha isikhundla sesithathu, sesine nesesihlanu ekuklelweni kwabangenisi abakhulu bamatamatisi ezimakethe zaseRussia, ngokulandelana. Abaholi besilinganiso - abahlinzeki botamatisi base-Azerbaijan - bakwazile ukugcina ivolumu yokuthunyelwa cishe ezingeni lika-2017/2018. Ukususwa kwemikhawulo yokuthengwa kwezinto ezivela eTurkey kwavumela othumela kuleli lizwe ukuthi akhuphule ukuthunyelwa kwelaseRussia izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu, ngenxa yalokho abathengisi baseTurkey bathatha indawo yesibili.
Ukungeniswa kwamakhukhamba kwehle ngo-18% kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-137 izinkulungwane kuya kwezingu-116. Ukudilizwa kwehliswe cishe bonke abathengisi abakhulu, kufaka phakathi abaholi abanjengo-Iran, China, Belarus, Azzeran kanye neTurkey. Ngasikhathi sinye, iKazakhstan, Uzbekistan ne-Armenia zanda ukuba khona kwazo emakethe yaseRussia, zathatha umugqa wesithupha, wesikhombisa nowesishiyagalombili ohlwini lwabaphakeli abakhulu.
Eminye imifino (i-pepper bell, isitshalo seqanda, amasaladi, imifino)
Ngokusho kwe-Federal State Statistics Service, ukwanda okuphelele kwesivuno seminye imifino ngonyaka we-2018 kufinyelele ku-19% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka owedlule. Isilimo sifinyelele kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-567, kuwo amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-305 abalwa ngamapulazi abampofu. Lesi sigaba siyakhula ngenkuthalo, amaphrojekthi amaningi amasha avela kuso. Ngasikhathi sinye, se-pepper ne-isitshalo seqanda, isidingo sokutshala izithombo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo siyinto ephoqayo, ngoba kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, okuvame ukungatholakali ngamapulazi amancane.
Ithebula 17. Ukukhiqizwa kweminye imifino eRussia 1990 - 2018 (amathani) * umthombo: Federal State Statistics Service (2018)
Ngenxa yalokhu, isabelo esikhulu njalo semikhiqizo engenisiwe sihlala kulesi sigaba. Isibonelo, ukungeniswa kwepelepele elimnandi ngesizini ka-2018/2019. yaba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-152, ancipha ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-8.
Ngokwakhiwa kwemizila emisha yokuqinisa izinto kanye nokusimama kwemakethe, ukuhlinzekwa kwamasaladi aluhlaza kukhula unyaka wesibili ngokulandelana nangesizini ka-2018/2019. Ukungenisa kwalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo kufinyelela kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-41. I-Iran isalokhu ingumholi phakathi kwabahlinzeki, ngonyaka owedlule yagcizelela iBelarus emgqeni wesibili, okuthe ngawo ngonyaka ka-2014, imikhiqizo ekhule eSpain, e-Itali nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu nayo yangena ezimakethe zaseRussia. Kulandelwa yiGibhithe, China, Uzbekistan, Tunisia neMorocco.
Ukuvunwa kwesikwashi kanye nethanga ngonyaka we-2018 kukhombise amandla ahlukahlukene. Ukuvunwa kwe-zucchini kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti ayi-15 kuye kwangama-105, kepha kusekude kakhulu kunirekhodi lango-2015, lapho amapulazi nabalimi baseRussia bevuna amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-178 zemifino enjalo. Ukukhiqizwa kwethanga, okufinyelele irekhodi lamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-198 ngonyaka ofanayo we-2015, selokhu kuncishisiwe ngokuqhubekayo. Ngo-2018, isivuno sethanga eRussia sehle ngamaphesenti ayi-11 saba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-106.
Ithebula 21. Ukukhiqizwa kweZucchini eRussia 1990 - 2018 * Source: Federal State Statistics Service (2018)
Ithebula 22. Ukukhiqizwa kwethanga eRussia 1990 - 2018 * Source: Federal State Statistics Service (2018)