Ngezikhathi ezithile zenkathi yokukhula, abalimi bamazambane kufanele baqaphe njalo isimo se-nitrogen sezitshalo zabo ukuze bafake umanyolo ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu.
Umkhuba ojwayelekile ukuqoqa amaqabunga ezitshalweni ensimini ngayinye bese uwathumela elebhu ukuze kuhlaziywe i-nitrate. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, abalimi bathola imiphumela ebonisa ukuthi kudingeka umanyolo owengeziwe we-nitrogen noma uma ukusebenza kuvamile. Uhlelo luyasebenza, kodwa le nqubo ingasheshiswa, kusho I. Wang, docent Inyuvesi yaseWisconsin-Madison, Umnyango Wezokulima.
“Ukuqoqa amaqabunga kuthatha isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla,” kusho uWang.
“Futhi ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela ingase idukise, ngoba inani le-nitrate emaqabunga lingathonywa izici eziningi, njengezimo zezulu noma isikhathi sokuthatha amasampula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela ayibheki umehluko wendawo [izidingo ze-nitrogen] ngaphakathi kwensimu.”
Iphrojekthi ixhaswe I-USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, kuhilela ukuqoqwa nokucubungula idatha kusuka kukhamera ye-hyperspectral. Ifakwe ku-UAV (imoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu) noma endizeni endizela kancane endiza phezu kwezindawo zamazambane ezihloliwe.
Ithimba lika-Wang lithuthukisa amamodeli ekhompiyutha ukuze axhumanise izithombe nesimo se-nitrogen yezitshalo zesizini, isivuno, ikhwalithi, kanye nembuyiselo yezomnotho yesizini yokugcina.
"Mina nabasebenzi bami sithemba ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwe-inthanethi oluzoguqula izithombe ze-hyperspectral zibe ulwazi mayelana nokuthi nini futhi kangakanani ukuvundisa ukuze abalimi bakwazi ukukhulisa inzuzo ngomthelela omncane wemvelo," kusho u-Wang.
"Izinto ezibangela izinguquko esimweni se-canopy, njengesimo somsoco, ukuba khona kanye nokungabikho komswakama noma isifo, kuhlotshaniswa nokubukeka kwe-spectral ngakho-ke kungabonakala ngezithombe ze-hyperspectral," kusho uTrevor Crosby, umfundi ophothule eWang's. ilebhu.
Endizeni eyodwa endaweni yocwaningo yamamitha angu-70 by 150, inqwaba yezithombe zingaqoqwa, ngasinye siqukethe amakhulu amabhendi we-spectral. Ukusheshisa ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe, uWang uqashe abasebenzi ababili ababalulekile. UPhil Townsend, uSolwazi Wehlathi Nezilwane Zasendle, ungumholi kubuchwepheshe benzwa obukude. U-Paul Mitchell, uProfessor kanye Nochwepheshe eMnyangweni Wezolimo Nezokusebenza Kwezomnotho, wenza ukuhlaziya kwezomnotho, okusekelwe kulokho imodeli yekhompyutha yenza izincomo zokusetshenziswa kwenitrogen.
UCrosby, oholayo ezilinganisweni zomhlaba, waqoqa idatha kusuka kumasayithi ocwaningo lwensimu ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokukhula kwamazambane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inkomba yendawo yeqabunga, ingqikithi ye-nitrogen etholakala emaqabunga neziqu, inani lezigaxa kanye nesisindo sezigaxa ngazinye, nezici zemvelo ezifana nomswakama wenhlabathi nezinga lokushisa, imisebe yelanga, nesivinini somoya. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, ikala isivuno sezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nobukhulu bazo.
UCrosby wabe esethuthukisa amamodeli athuthukisiwe axhumanisa izithombe ze-hyperspectral nezilinganiso ezisekelwe phansi. Umgomo uwukubikezela isimo se-nitrogen sezitshalo ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ubikezele isivuno sezilimo eziyizigaxa ekupheleni kwesizini. Kuleli qophelo, umsebenzi wensimu kanye nokucubungula izithombe sekuphelile, futhi uCrosby ugxile ekuthuthukisweni kwemodeli.
U-Wang wabelana kabanzi ngocwaningo lwakhe nabalimi bombuso bamazambane nemifino. Unobudlelwano obuhle nabalimi esifundeni sonke futhi abaningi babheke ngabomvu imiphumela yocwaningo lwakhe.