Amazambane akhiqiza kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilimo esidinga abasebenzi abaningi futhi esibizayo. Isazi sezolimo namahlathi ngasinye esinokuhlangenwe nakho siqapha ukugcwaliseka kwezimo ezimbalwa ezidingekayo ukuze sithole imiphumela ephezulu ekuvuneni okuphelele nasekuthengiseni.
Izitshalo zamazambane zifuna kakhulu izinga lenhlabathi. Isiko lithanda umhlabathi ovulekile, okhanyayo, oyisihlabathi ocebile nge-humus. Ubuchwepheshe be-Ridge bokulima amazambane budala ukungena kahle komhlabathi futhi bunikeze ukuvunwa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Ama-precursors angcono kakhulu amazambane yizinkwa zasebusika kanye nemifino, kusukela emva kwabo inhlabathi ihlanzwa kahle ezinambuzane namagciwane, futhi ibuye ihlanganiswe nezinto eziwusizo.
Isimo sezulu siyisici esibalulekile sokuphumelela ekulimeni amazambane. Ukukhanyisa (amasimu ayisicaba angagxiliwe abhekwa njengezindawo ezikhula kahle kakhulu) kanye nomswakama yizinto eziza kuqala. Isihlahla esisodwa samazambane sihwamuka amalitha angama-60-70 amanzi ngesizini ngayinye. Okuningi kunakho konke umswakama odingekayo ngesikhathi sokuhluma nokukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngokuntula kwayo, isivuno siyancipha kakhulu. Cabanga ngesibonelo saseNew Zealand: ezweni, ubuchwepheshe besimanje buhlanganiswa nesimo sezulu esicishe sifane, esivumela abalimi ukuthi bathole isivuno esiphezulu, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe u-500 c/ha, kanti abanye abalimi bavuna u-700 c/ha. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi eRussia ingxenye enkulu yensimu itholakala endaweni yokulima okuyingozi, kunzima kakhulu ukufeza amarekhodi anjalo. Ukuze kwandiswe amandla esilimo, abalimi abaningi bamazambane baseRussia batshala amazambane aniselwe.
Ngokuphathelene nokudla kwamaminerali, amazambane asabela kahle emazingeni aphezulu e-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kanye ikakhulukazi i-potassium. I-nitrogen inesibopho sokukhula kwe-vegetative mass kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwama-protein compounds. Okusebenza kahle kakhulu yizinhlobo ze-nitrogen ze-amide ne-ammonium. I-ammonium ye-nitrogen ithuthukisa umsoco we-phosphorus wesitshalo. I-Phosphorus inomthelela ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwezimpande, ukwakheka kwe-stolons kanye ne-tuberization ngokujwayelekile. Uma kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi amazambane ayingxenye yezitshalo ezinomsoco okhuphukayo wamaminerali "phansi-up", ukondliwa kwe-phosphorus kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukumuncwa kwe-phosphorus ngezitshalo zamazambane kunwetshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kwenzeka kuze kufike esigabeni sokuhluma. Ukuhlinzeka izitshalo nge-phosphorus ethengekayo kuyinto ehamba phambili kunoma iyiphi indawo ekhulayo.
I-Potassium ayibalulekile kangako ezitshalweni: ilawula ukuhlanganiswa nokuthuthwa kukashukela, inikeza inqwaba yezilimo eziyizigaxa, kanye nokuqukethwe kwazo okumile. Njengomthetho, lapho uhlela izakhi zokukhiqiza isivuno esinikeziwe, izazi zezolimo namahlathi zilwela ukuthola isilinganiso se-potassium ne-phosphorus sika-1,5: 1.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokugcwele isiko, ama-meso nama-microelements nawo ayadingeka, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko.
Isibabule sithuthukisa ukumelana nezitshalo ezifweni, sandise isitashi sezilimo eziyizigaxa, sithuthukise ukunambitheka kwamazambane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwesibabule kuhlanganiswe ne-nitrogen ne-phosphorus kunomthelela ekwandeni kwezinga lokusebenzisa ama-macroelements yisitshalo kusuka kumanyolo nomhlabathi.
Futhi ngaphansi kwezimo zendlala yesibabule, ukuqoqwa kwe-nitrate kuma-tubers kuyanda (ngesilinganiso sama-22%), futhi isikhathi sokuvuthwa siyandiswa.
I-calcium iyingxenye yezindonga zamangqamuzana, inomthelela ekuqinisweni nasekuqinisweni kwawo, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yezimpande. Ukukhula kwezinwele zezimpande ngokuqondile kuncike ekutholakaleni kwe-calcium ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesistimu yezimpande. Ithuthukisa izimfanelo zezentengiselwano zezilimo eziyizigaxa, kwandisa uvithamini C, kwandisa ikhwalithi nokumelana nezifo. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-calcium imuncwa uboya bezimpande kuma-stolon, ukugqoka kwamaqabunga aqukethe le macronutrient akusebenzi ngenxa yokuhamba buthaka kwe-calcium ku-phloem isuka eqabungeni iye ohlelweni lwempande ezigabeni.
Amazambane ayisitshalo esithanda i-magnesium. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-magnesium kukhulisa isivuno, isivuno sengxenyana ethengiswayo yezilimo eziyizigaxa.
I-Boron yandisa ukumelana nezifo, ikhuthaza ukwakheka ngokushesha kwenqwaba yomhlabathi kanye nesistimu yezimpande, ukuguqukela ekuqhakazeni kanye nokwakheka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ukuntuleka kwe-Boron kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
I-Zinc ikhulisa ukutholakala kwe-phosphorus ezitshalweni zamazambane, inciphisa ukwenzeka kotwayi, futhi ibambe iqhaza ezinqubweni zokuphefumula kanye ne-photosynthesis.
Lapho uhlakulela amazambane, kubalulekile ukunaka ukusabela kwenhlabathi yemvelo. I-pH yenhlabathi efanelekile yokuthuthukiswa kwamazambane isukela kumayunithi angama-5,5-7. Uma iphezulu inani le-pH, makhulu amathuba okuba sengozini yokuthola utwayi oluvamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi pH ithinta kakhulu ukutholakala kwezakhi. Nge-acidity engaphansi kwamayunithi angama-5,5, ukutholakala kwama-macro- ne-mesoelements kuncipha kakhulu: i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-calcium, i-magnesium. Nge-pH engaphezu kwamayunithi ayi-7, umsoco wamaminerali onama-microelements uyawohloka.
Amazambane asabela ekugawulweni kwenhlabathi. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izakhiwo ze-agrochemical, i-agrophysical kanye ne-biological yomhlabathi, ukudala izimo ezifanele zomzimba, zamanzi-ngokomzimba, zomoya nezinye izimo zokuphila kwesiko.
Kodwa ukusika u-lime ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane akukhuthazwa, ngoba okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-lime emhlabathini kungavusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-scab kuma-tubers.
I-PhosAgro ingenye yezinkampani ezinkulu embonini ye-agrochemical yaseRussia, enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu zomanyolo wamaminerali wesimanje ezimpahleni zayo. Izinhlelo zokondliwa kwamaminerali ezitshalweni ezakhiwe ngochwepheshe be-PhosAgro zisekelwe ezimisweni zokusetshenziswa okunengqondo komanyolo okhiqizwe ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezihlukile.
Umanyolo uqukethe imisoco esukela ku-2 kuya ku-8. I-granule ngayinye iqukethe izakhamzimba ezilinganisweni ezishiwo.
Ngokudla kwezimpande zamazambane, ukufaka umquba ngesikhathi sokutshala, sincoma imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium:
⁃ APAVIVA + NPK (S) 10:26:26 (2) + B ne-NPK (S) 10:26:26 (2) + Zn
⁃ APAVIVA + NPK (S) 8: 20: 30 + B kanye ne-NPK (S) 8: 20: 30 + Zn,
⁃ APAVIVA + NPK (S) 15:15:15 (10) + B ne-NPK (S) 15:15:15 (10) + Zn,
⁃ APAVIVA + NPK (S) 5:15:30 (5) + B.
Uma kukhona abatshali bamazambane epulazini okungenzeka ukuthi bafake umanyolo owuketshezi ngaphakathi enhlabathini, ochwepheshe bePhosAgro bayisixazululo esingcono kakhulu sokusebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi we-APALIQUA NP 11:37 (ZhKU) ngesikhathi sokutshala. Inzuzo eyinhloko yalolu hlobo lomanyolo kulula ukulungiselela ngesisekelo salo sezingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi zamathangi e-multicomponent, ahlanganiswe nama-microelements, ama-stimulants okukhula, namalungiselelo okulwa nezinambuzane zomhlabathi.
Umanyolo wamaminerali we-Phosagro usiza abakhiqizi bezolimo ukuphatha izitshalo zabo, baqinisekise inzuzo yomsebenzi emhlabeni futhi banakekele ukugcina ukuvunda nempilo yomhlabathi.
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