Amazambane angesinye sezitshalo eziyinhloko ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Esifundeni sase-Andean, esibizwa ngokuthi indawo azalelwa kuyo amazambane, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-4500 zezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezahlukene. Nokho, lesi sibalo sincipha ngezinga elishaqisayo, njengoba zombili izinsimu zendabuko ezitshalwe abalimi izinkulungwane zeminyaka kanye nokhokho bakudala bamazambane asendle beshabalala. Ososayensi bayaphikelela ukuthi: kubaluleke kakhulu ukulondoloza ukuhlukahluka kofuzo lwezitshalo, lesi yisimo esidingekayo sokuqinisekisa ukuthuthuka kwezolimo.
Enye indlela ukulondoloza izinhlobo ze-in vitro. I-International Potato Center (CIP) igcina iqoqo le-in vitro elikhulu kunawo wonke futhi elihluke kakhulu emhlabeni, elinokuhlanganiswa kwamazambane ayi-12 ebhange layo lezakhi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, i-CIP idale iqoqo le-cryobank eligcina amasampula angu-000.
"Nakuba ukuqoqwa kwe-in vitro kanye nensimu kuhle ekugcineni ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo esikhathini esifushane kuya esikhathini esiphakathi, lokhu kungaba yisixazululo eqolo futhi esingathembeki esikhathini eside," kuchaza uRainer Vollmer, uchwepheshe we-cryopreservation ku-CIP. “Izifanekiso ezigcinwe ku-vitro kumele zisakazwe ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinyumba; amaqoqo ezinkambu asengozini yokucindezeleka. Ngakho-ke, i-cryopreservation iyindlela engabizi futhi enokwethenjelwa yokongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Namuhla, umuntu oyedwa angaqandisa amahlumela amazambane angama-300-450 ngosuku olulodwa lokusebenza. "
I-Cryopreservation isebenzisa i-nitrogen eyi-liquid (196°C) ukumisa ngokushesha amasampula ezicubu ezincane ezithathwe ezitshalweni eziyinyumba ekwi-vitro.
Ososayensi be-CIP babuyekeze iphrothokholi ye-potato cryopreservation ngokuhlola izindlela ezihlukene zokucubungula amasampula ngaphambi kokuba amasampula anjalo angene ku-cryobank (ngokwesibonelo, ukwengeza i-sucrose noma ama-cryoprotectants ukusiza amasampula asinde emakhazeni). Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi nakuba ukungezwa kwe-sucrose akuzange kube nomphumela ophawulekayo, ukwelashwa okubandayo ngaphambi kokubanda kwandise izinga lokutholwa kwamasampula ngemva kokuncibilika ngo-14%.
“Yebo, ukulondoloza ukuhlukahluka kwamazambane kungenye yezinjongo. Idinga futhi ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuzalanisa ukusiza abalimi ukubhekana nezinkinga ezifana nezifo zezitshalo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukutholakala kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezihlukanisayo kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha nezithuthukisiwe.”
Isibonelo izinhlobonhlobo zezambane likaVictoria. Ngaphambi kokufika kwayo, ukubola sekwephuzile kungacekela phansi izitshalo ezingafika ku-60% e-Uganda. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Victoria zathuthukiswa kusetshenziswa amasampula avela ku-CIP, inzuzo yawo enkulu ukumelana nomkhuhlane ophuzile. Kule minyaka eyi-15 edlule, iVictoria ifake isandla esilinganiselwa ku-US$1 billion emnothweni wase-Uganda.
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