Minyaka yonke izinhlelo zokunisela ngemishini ziya ngokuya zivela emasimini ezwe. Ngokwethula lesi sisetshenziswa, abalimi balindele ukuthola isivuno esiphezulu njalo sekhwalithi ethile. Kunenqwaba yezixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezitholakalayo zokufeza lo msebenzi ngempumelelo. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha nokulawula izinqubo zokunisela.
Ukukhula kwezitshalo okuvamile kuncike ekugcineni umswakama olethwa futhi udliwe yisitshalo. Njengoba wazi, amanzi angena enhlabathini hhayi kuphela ngemvula ngesikhathi sokukhula, futhi ayindawo yokugcina umswakama ngenxa yokuncibilika kweqhwa, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba angashoni. Ukusetshenziswa komswakama kunqunywa izinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuhwamuka kanye nokuphefumula. Amanzi ahlala ehwamuka ebusweni benhlabathi ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya nezinye izimo zezulu, futhi indawo yawo ithathwa entsha ekhuphuka ngama-capillaries avela ngezansi - lokhu ukuhwamuka. Ngokuhambisana nayo, izimpande zezitshalo zidonsa umswakama enhlabathini futhi ziwukhulise ngenxa ye-gradient yokuhlushwa yezinto ezincibilikisiwe kuwo zibe amaqabunga akude kanye nama-buds aphezulu. Izakhi ezithuthwa ngamanzi zingena ezicutshini ezidingekayo, futhi amanzi ngokweqile ngokwawo ayahwamuka ngokusebenzisa i-stomata eseduze - lokhu ukuphefumula, inqubo nayo iyaqhubeka, ngoba iphampu ye-osmotic ithatha indawo yenhliziyo yesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ibhalansi yamanzi isilinganiso phakathi kokuqukethwe komswakamo / okokufaka emhlabathini kanye ne-evotranspiration ephelele yezitshalo zasensimini.
Ukuze ubale ibhalansi yamanzi, izindlela ezihlukahlukene zingasetshenziswa: kusukela ekubalweni kwethiyori yamanani we-tabular, ukulungiswa kwesibikezelo sezulu esilula, ukufakwa kwe-hardware egcwele kanye ne-software complex epulazini. Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu sebhizinisi lesimanje lezolimo elisebenza ngempumelelo ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuqapha umuntu ngamunye (isiteshi sezezulu sesimo sezulu).
Isiteshi sesimo sezulu siyisethi yamadivayisi ahlanganisa imojuli eyinhloko (efakwe amabhethri avamile noma ibhethri lelanga) kanye nesethi yezinzwa ezikala imingcele ehlukahlukene yomhlabathi, imvula, umoya, nemisebe yelanga. I-module eyinhloko itholakala phakathi nendawo yezinkambu eziningi, izinzwa zisakazwa ezindaweni ezikude.
Izinzwa ezifakwe enhlabathini zinquma izinga lokusatshalaliswa komswakama, ukutholakala kwawo ohlelweni lwezimpande zezitshalo. Isimo sezulu - linganisa umswakama womoya, qapha imvula, ubale izinga lokuhwamuka komswakama ebusweni bamaqabunga esitshalo. Kucatshangelwa nohlobo lwenhlabathi, amandla awo okugcina umswakama, uhlobo lwezitshalo kanye nesigaba sokukhula kwawo.
Lonke ulwazi olutholiwe luyahlanganiswa futhi luboniswe kuseva ubusuku nemini. Ongoti bamapulazi bayakwazi ukufinyelela lolu lwazi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, noma kuphi emhlabeni, kunoma iyiphi idivayisi enokufinyelela ku-inthanethi (isibonelo, ngohlelo lokusebenza ocingweni).
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha etholiwe kanye nesibikezelo somuntu ngamunye kwenza kube nokwenzeka hhayi kuphela ukunquma izinga kanye nesikhathi sokunisela okulandelayo, ukubala isikhathi esifanele sokwethulwa komanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane ezincibilika emanzini, kodwa futhi ukuhlela imvamisa kanye nesilinganiso. wokunisela, kanye nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo isizini yonke. Indlela ehlelekile isiza ukugwema amaphuzu abalulekile ekutshalweni kwezitshalo futhi inomphumela onenzuzo ekwandiseni isivuno. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwemithombo yamanzi kufinyelelwa, kuyilapho kuqinisekisa izidingo ezidingekayo zezitshalo zezitshalo.
Iziteshi zezulu zisiza ukuthola isivuno esihle, lena yinhloso yazo eyinhloko, kodwa hhayi yodwa.
Siphila enkathini yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, futhi isimo sezulu ngezinye izikhathi siletha izimanga ezingenakuvinjelwa, futhi imiphumela yazo inzima kakhulu ukubhekana nayo. Ngalesi sizinda, ukubaluleka kwalelo thuluzi lokuvikela izintshisekelo zomkhiqizi wezolimo njengoba umshwalense uyakhula. Ngosizo lwayo, uma kwenzeka izenzakalo ezimbi (izenzakalo zemvelo nesimo sezulu, ukungena noma ukusabalala kwezinambuzane, njll.), abalimi bangathola isinxephezelo futhi banciphise inani lomonakalo. Kulokhu, idatha yokubuka etholwe yisiteshi sesimo sezulu isebenza njengesiqiniseko sesigameko esinomshwalense.
Sicela uqaphele: ukuze uthole amaphrimiyamu omshwalense, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imishini yokulinganisa yesimo sezulu esifike ngesikhathi futhi eqinisekisiwe, kuphela kulesi simo idatha inegunya futhi ingaxhunywa ezintweni zecala lomshwalense. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholakala kwesitifiketi sokuqinisekisa kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezilinganiso ngokwazo.
Omunye wemikhawulo embalwa ekusebenzeni kweziteshi zesimo sezulu zasensimini nezinye izisetshenziswa zokulinganisa ezizimele ukutholakala nekhwalithi yesignali yeselula yokudlulisa idatha. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni eziningi le nkinga isiyinto yesikhathi esidlule; I-inthanethi yeselula yama-opharetha amakhulu itholakala cishe yonke indawo.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje benza kube nokwenzeka ukukhulisa nokwenza inqubo yokunisela ngokuzenzakalelayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ama-sprinklers sekuyisikhathi eside ekwazi ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi angalawulwa ukude. Ukufakwa kwesiteshi sezulu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izinto zokusebenza, izinsimbi kanye namathuluzi edijithali ohlelweni olulodwa lokunisela.
Kulokhu, indima ye-agronomist enhlanganweni yokunisela yenziwa lula futhi ifika ekukhethweni kwesu eliyisisekelo nokulawula ukusebenza, futhi konke okunye kuba, ngomqondo ogcwele, indaba yobuchwepheshe.
U-Victor Panov, uMphathi Womkhiqizo we-Valley Irrigation Systems, Inkampani Engaba khona
8-987-080-04-64