Ngokushesha nje lapho abakwa-Tyumen agrarians beqoqa futhi babeka ezitolo zemifino isitshalo esisha samazambane, futhi elabhorethri ye-meristem Cultures (i-meristem iyizicubu zezitshalo ezigcina isikhathi eside ikhono lokuhlukanisa nokwenza amaseli amasha) ukukhethwa nokukhiqizwa kwembewu ye-State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, sebeqalile ukulungisa izinto zokutshala ezingenagciwane entwasahlobo ka-2021.
Ngolunye usuku nje, umqondisi walesi sikhungo, Ikhandidethi Yezesayensi Yezolimo, u-Alexander Kharalgin, ulethe esuka esifundeni saseMoscow e-Tyumen 100 amashubhu okuhlola anamasampula omugqa we-11 no-34 - lezi yizinhlobo ezimbili zamatafula ezizayo zokukhethwa kwasekhaya namagama asebenzayo. Nadezhda futhi Kuznetsovsky. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwabo kokuhlolwa kokugcina okuhlukahlukene, ochwepheshe bakwa-A.G. I-Lorkha.
Manje inhloko yelabhorethri u-Olga Malchikhina kanye nomsizi welabhorethri u-Elzana Yarova bazohlanganyela ekusikeni nasekukhuleni amahlumela emithonjeni yezomsoco. Lapho sezifinyelele umthamo odingekayo, izitshalo zifakwa ekufakweni kwe-aeroponic. Isivuno sama-mini-nodules angu-500 kulindeleke lapha ngoNyaka Omusha. Kuze kube yintwasahlobo, amazambane amancane "azophumula" ezitsheni ezinesihlabathi esibaliwe ekushiseni kuka-+ 4 degrees kanye nemodi ekhethekile yokungenisa umoya, futhi ngoMeyi izoya ezindaweni zokuhlola zaseyunivesithi. Ngokusho kwalolu hlelo, ukuwa okulandelayo isivuno sesizukulwane sokuqala sizothunyelwa ukuze sihlolwe ezifundeni zendawo yezolimo ye-10, okungukuthi, ngaphezu kweTyumen, eTomsk, Omsk, Krasnoyarsk, Altai. Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Kharalgin ukholelwa ukuthi, i-GAU ye-Northern Trans-Urals izothola ilungelo lobunikazi futhi igcwalise ukuqoqwa kwemiklomelo emkhakheni wokukhetha. Cishe eminyakeni emine, ososayensi bahlose ukuthola amathani ayi-16 amazambane asezingeni eliphakeme, bese bengena emapulazini embewu.
Umtshalizimali kanye nenyuvesi batshala imali kuphrojekthi okungenani amaphesenti angama-50 ezimali, enye ixhaswe yisabelomali sombuso.
Ngokuvamile, uhambo olusuka esitshalweni sokuqala samazambane ku-vitro ukuya ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni zezitshalo ezingenalo igciwane ne-pathogen kuthatha iminyaka emihlanu. Enkabeni yeKharalgin, besebenzisa i-biotechnology, bathembisa ukufinyeza inqubo ngonyaka futhi bathole ama-minitubers ngaphandle kokushiya i-greenhouse noma ensimini. Lokhu kuzoba ngenxa yokubonga ngokubamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe (KNTP) "Ukukhethwa, ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane asekhaya ancintisanayo esifundeni saseTyumen" ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lukahulumeni lokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo luka-2017-2025. . Intuthuko enjalo, eqalwe nguMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation, manje isiqashe izinhlangano ezingama-25 ezweni lonke: azikhiphi amazambane amasha kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-beet ashukela, okusanhlamvu nezilimo zezimboni. Ikhasimende le-KNTP kwakuyinkampani yezolimo eyaziwayo evela esifundeni sase-Uporovsky esifundeni saseTyumen. Umtshali-zimali kanye nenyuvesi batshala imali kuphrojekthi okungenani amaphesenti angama-50 emali, enye ixhaswe yisabelomali sombuso. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kunenzuzo: izinkampani ezithenge izinto zokutshala zakamuva zizobuyela kumaphesenti angama-70 wezindleko zazo.
- Manje ezibalini zaseRussia amaphesenti angu-80 ezinhlobonhlobo zemifino ekhethiwe kwamanye amazwe, ngakho-ke sisebenzela umsebenzi ovamile wokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla, - kusho u-Alexander Kharalgin, umema ukubona ilabhorethri yamasiko e-meristemic.
Izivakashi zivunyelwe kuphela ukungena endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-reception. Abafundi abanamakilasi e-biotechnology lapha bavunyelwe ukungena egunjini lokuwasha nelokukala - ukulungisa izixazululo zokudla okunomsoco, ukugeza izitsha nokubeka amathuluzi ezindaweni zabo. Kodwa esibhakeleni u-Olga Malchikhina no-Elzana Yarova baphethe. Lapha, njengasekuhlinzeni: izingubo zokugqoka, izigqoko, imaski, amagilavu, izibulala-magciwane ... Ungakwazi ukuthwebula amahlumela ngamahlumela amancane kuphela ngengilazi.
Inhloko yesikhungo ichaza ukuthi kungani izinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe ezafika kithi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-90 zisabambe ngokuqinile izikhundla zazo: ezimweni eziningi zinikezwa ngamaketanga okuthengisa, futhi kulula kumthengi ukukhetha, hhayi ngengqondo yakhe, kodwa ngamehlo akhe, isitshalo sempande esihle saphesheya esikhundleni sengcina yendawo, engacwebezeli.
"Asithembeli ekubukekeni, kodwa ekunambithekeni," usosayensi uyachaza futhi acaphune njengesibonelo izinhlobonhlobo ze-Kuznetsovsky, ezifuywa ngu-Yuri Loginov ngesisekelo sezinhlobo zasendle. Izambane, eliqanjwe nge-scout edumile eyake yafunda emnyangweni wezolimo we-Tyumen Agricultural Technical School, igqama ngokunambitheka kwayo okuhle kakhulu (okune esikalini samaphuzu amahlanu esikalini sombuso sokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene) futhi alibi mnyama ngemva kokuhlanza. , kokubili kuluhlaza futhi kubilisiwe. Wabuye wajwayela ngokushesha izimo zaseSiberia futhi unikeza isivuno esihle kokubili ngesomiso nangenkathi yemvula.
Ngendlela, ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa izakhamuzi zaseTyumen abufanele amazambane kuphela. Ngemva kokufunda ngelabhorethri e-Tyumen lapho izitshalo zitshalwa khona kumashubhu okuhlola, abameleli bezindawo zezithelo baphendukela lapha, bephupha ukuthola isitokwe sokutshala esinempilo samasitrobheli. Futhi eKazakhstan, izinto zokutshala eziphulukisiwe zama-apula nezihlahla zikabhabhulini zitholakala ku-meristem.
Okwamanje
Esifundeni saseTyumen, indawo yokulima eyingozi, amabhizinisi ezolimo angama-97 akhiqiza amazambane. Isamba sesivuno sonyaka emkhakheni wezimboni singaphezu kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200. Ngaphakathi kwesifunda, kuthengiswa izinkulungwane eziyi-130-135, ezinye zithunyelwa ezindaweni zaseYamal, Ugra, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, zithunyelwa eKazakhstan, Azerbaijan nase-Uzbekistan.
Umbhalo: Irina Nikitina