Indawo yesifunda: 25 679 km2.
Inani labantu: Abantu abayi-1 506 446, okuyi-78,98% yabo abahlali bedolobha
Isikhundla sendawo: lesi sifunda sikhona maphakathi ne-East European Plain. Imingcele: eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga - nesifunda iLipetsk, eningizimu-ntshonalanga - nesifunda sase-Oryol, entshonalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga - nesifunda seKaluga, enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga - nesifunda saseMoscow, empumalanga - nesifunda saseRyazan ...
Isimo sezulu: Izwekazi ngokulingene, elibonakala ebusika obubanda ngokwanele kanye nehlobo elifudumele. Isilinganiso samazinga okushisa wonyaka sisukela ku- +4 kuye ku- +5 degrees. Ukushisa okujwayelekile ngoJanuwari kusuka ku -9 kuye ku -12 degrees, ngoJulayi kusuka ku- +18 kuye ku- +22 degrees. Isikhathi sesikhathi esinamazinga okushisa amahle yizinsuku ezingama-220-225. Imvula ngaphakathi esifundeni isatshalaliswa ngokungalingani. Iningi lazo lisezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga (575 mm), ezincane - ezifundazweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga (470 mm). Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yemvula esifundeni ibhalwe ezinyangeni zasehlobo, ikakhulukazi ngoJulayi. Esikhathini esingenamakhaza, ama-70% emvula yonyaka iyawa. Ekupheleni kobusika, ubukhulu bekhava leqhwa lifinyelela ku-0,3-0,7 m, inhlabathi iqhwa ize ibe ngu-0,6-0,9 m.
Impumuzo: ifulethi futhi inamagquma. Amafomu angaphezulu komhlaba lapha yizigodi zemifula kanye nezikhukhula.
Inhlabathi: i-sod-podzolic enyakatho-ntshonalanga, ihlathi elimpunga maphakathi nengxenye, ama-chernozems ahlukumezekile nalahlekile.
Umhlaba wezolimo: amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-1740 noma ama-68% endaweni ephelele yesifunda. Umhlaba olimekayo uhlala kumahektha ayi-1465 84 (XNUMX% wamapulazi).
Iphephabhuku i- "Potato System" selikhulumile ngokuthuthuka kwamazambane akhula esifundeni saseTula, kepha babuya ngo-2009. Ngemuva kwalokho sabhala ngokuvuselelwa kwemboni esifundeni. Namuhla, isifunda saseTula sithembekile phakathi kwabaholi ekukhiqizweni kwamazambane eRussia, amapulazi amakhulu eTula ahlala emigqeni ehamba phambili mayelana nokuvunwa okuphelele nokukhiqiza, futhi siyaqiniseka ukuthi isipiliyoni sabo siyathakazelisa kubo bonke abatshali bezambane baseRussia.
Ukukhula kwamazambane kungenye yezinkomba eziyinhloko zezitshalo ezikhula esifundeni saseTula, ukukhula kwayo kwenziwa ukusondela kwezokuthutha enhlokodolobha, izimo zezulu nezimo zenhlabathi.
Imikhiqizo ekhiqizwe emasimini eTula ibilokhu ingafuneki eMoscow kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo zezwe. Kodwa izikhathi ze-perestroika zenza ushintsho ezinhlelweni zabakhiqizi bezolimo baseTula: le ndawo yancishiswa unyaka nonyaka, ubuchwepheshe bokulima buphinyiswa. Ngenxa yalokhu, imiphumela yashona phansi. Phakathi kwabakhiqizi abaphambili isikhathi eside kwasala amapulazi azimele nezakhamizi zasehlobo.
Kepha kule minyaka embalwa edlule, isimo embonini yamazambane sishintshe kakhulu. Indawo engaphansi kwamazambane inyuke yaya cishe kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50, kanti isabelo sezinhlangano zezolimo kanye nemindeni yabalimi (abalimi) sanda kakhulu. Namuhla, indawo engaphansi kwamazambane kulesi sigaba samapulazi ifinyelele cishe kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwengxenye yesine yezindawo zokutshala amazambane ifakelwe izinhlelo zanamuhla zokunisela, ubuchwepheshe bokutshala buyathuthukiswa, amapulazi wesifunda anakekela amazimba embewu akhulayo aqine kakhulu
Ngo-2015, kwavunwa amathani amazambane angaphezu kwesigidi avela emasimini aseTula. Ngenxa yalesi sikhombisi, isifunda saseTula siqinise endaweni yesithathu esifundeni i-Central Federal, kuyilapho isifunda sisendaweni yokuqala ngokukhula komkhiqizo. Ukuvunwa kwamazambane ngonyaka ka-2015 kuyinto erekhodiwe esifundeni saseTula eminyakeni engama-20 edlule.
Umnikelo omkhulu kunayo yonke yesilimo esenziwe nguMaxim Gorky LLC (isivuno sifinyelela kuma-423 kg / ha), iKimovskiye Prostory LLC (380 kg / ha), ipulazi iManuk Avetisyan (350 kg / ha), iBogoroditsky Alliance LLC (295 kg / ha).
Izimo zezulu ezingezinhle, ezivame ukuvela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamazambane, zinegalelo ekuguqukeni kwabatshali bezambane likaTula kubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuvikela izitshalo nasekuqalisweni kwezinhlelo zokunisela. Izakhamizi zaseTula zithanda izinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu kanye nzalo yokuqokwa kwasekhaya nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ngokwesibonelo amaDashi.
Abakhiqizi bamazambane abakhulu besifunda banezindawo zokucubungula eziyinhloko nezithuthukile emapulazini abo. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sinikeze "isinkwa sesibili" kumaketanga amakhulu okuthengisa, siwashe futhi ahlanganiswa, sanelisa izidingo zomthengi odinga kakhulu.
Abakhiqizi be-Tula abakhiqizi be-Tula banendawo ebanzi yokuthengisa. Kuyadingeka eMoscow kanye nasesifundeni saseMoscow, eKrasnodar naseVolgograd, eSaratov naseNizhny Novgorod, Tver naseBryansk, Lipetsk nase Samara, Ryazan naseSt. Petersburg, Rostov nasePerm, nakwezinye izifunda zakuleli.
Umkhiqizi omkhulu wesifunda, i-LLC Maxim Gorky, ucubungula amazambane akhiqizwayo abe ngamalambu amazambane. Lo mkhiqizo uhanjiswa ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zezwe, kanye naseBelarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, kanye nasePoland, eChile naseChina.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuxhaswa kombuso kwabatshali bamazambane, lapho-ke ayatholakala zonke izindlela ezinikezwa abanye abakhiqizi bezolimo. Phakathi kwazo: ukuxhaswa okungahambisani ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo ngehektha elilodwa lendawo ehlwanyelwe, isinxephezelo ngenxephezelo yezindleko zokuthenga imbewu ye-elite, inzalo kwimalimboleko yesikhashana kanye nokutshala imali, ukusekelwa komshuwalense wezolimo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wesifunda ukulungele ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa izindlela ezintsha zokweseka amapulazi okuqala kule mboni. Into esemqoka ukuthi ube nomphumela! Futhi usevele ukhona. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi impumelelo yama-Tula agrarians ekukhuleni amazambane yabonwa yi-Federal Ministry of Agriculture eMhlanganweni Wonke Wezolimo waseRussia owawubanjwe ngoJanuwari 27, 2016.
Maxim Gorky LLC
Ipulazi likhethekile ekwenziweni kwamazambane iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15. Iyingxenye yeNational Land Company.
Ngo-2011, inkampani yavula umhlangano wamazambane wamazambane. Amandla akhona avumela ukukhiqiza cishe amathani angama-800 kakolweni ngenyanga, cishe amathani ayinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ngonyaka.
Imikhiqizo yasepulazini inikezwa i-Belarus, Kazakhstan, Poland, China, Israel.
Namuhla, imisebenzi esemqoka yeMaxim Gorky LLC yile:
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane nokukhiqiza okusanhlamvu;
- Ukugeza amazambane nokupakishwa;
- Ukuqhutshwa kwamazambane.
Le nkampani icubungula amahektha omhlaba angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-50 (ingxenye yendawo itholakala ezifundeni zaseBryansk naseKaluga), ingxenye enkulu yamazambane ikhula ngokusebenzisa imishini yokunisela. Leli pulazi linobunzima obukhulu eRussia ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-130 okugcina amazambane.
IMFUYO YOKUQALA YOKUTHENGA "ZHAK" (ISAHLUKO KFH MANUK ZHULYEVICH AVETISYAN)
Leli pulazi lasungulwa ngonyaka we-2004. Lapho-ke amahektha angama-40 endawo elinywayo anikezwa yona, namuhla indawo yomhlaba ingamahektare ayi-11. Indawo ebaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wezomnotho ukutshalwa kwamazambane (ukudla nembewu). Izinhlobo eziphambili: Gala, Impala, Zhukovsky, Colette, Natasha, Labella, Picasso, Red Scarlett, Roco, Romano, Sante, Luck.
Ngo-2015, ipulazi labiza indawo yokunisela yokunisela yanamuhla, enkulu kunazo zonke esifundeni, enendawo yokunisela engamahektare ayi-1100.
Ngaphezu kwamazambane, ipulazi litshala iklabishi, ama-beet, okusanhlamvu, ubisi nenyama. Umthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke ungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-90 amazambane, amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10 wezitshalo zokusanhlamvu, amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha ayisithupha obisi, amathani angama-6 enyama. Ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo kuqashe abasebenzi ababalelwa ku-200. Cishe ama-200% evolumu yokukhiqiza agcinwa ezindaweni zethu zokugcina. Izinqolobane zinezinto zesimanje zobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokukhiqiza baseYurophu, kufaka phakathi isakhiwo sokupakisha esizenzakalelayo. Inqwaba yamazambane etafuleni ahlinzekwa ezitolo zamaketanga.
I-LLC "I-BOGORODITSKY ALLIANCE"
Leli bhizinisi lasungulwa ngonyaka we-2008 ngesisekelo samapulazi amabili: i-SPK "Voskhod" ne "them. Lenin "futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uyilungu leMalino Group of Companies. Indawo ehlwanyelwe ngonyaka wokuqala yayiyi-3400 ha. Kusukela ngo-2009, ngosizo lwenkampani yezolimo iMalino ebambisene nenkampani iFrito Lay Manufacturing, ekhiqiza amachips kaLay, leli pulazi selitshale amahektha angama-130 ama-potato chips ezinhlobonhlobo ezilandelayo: ILady Claire, iLady Rosetta, iHermes, iSaturn. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, amazambane aba yisilimo esikhulu epulazini.
Ngo-2011, indawo yokutshala amazambane yenyuka yaba ngama-430 ha, kanti inani lezinhlobo ezitshaliwe landa.
Ngo-2014, ipulazi lahlonzwa njengomunye wabaholi embonini ekhula ngamazambane elite, ikhiqiza ama-70% omthamo wamazambane wezithombo atshalwe esifundeni saseTula. Ngentwasahlobo ka-2014, inkampani yanikela ngamazambane embewu emapulazini amakhulu namancane angama-60 ezweni lonke ukusuka eningizimu kuya ezintabeni zase-Ural.
Ngo-2015, kwakhiwa izimbiza eziyisishiyagalolunye zamazambane ezifakwa ohlelweni lokupholisa olusezingeni eliphakeme, amayunithi esiqandisi, nohlelo lokuzenzakalelayo endaweni yezokulima.
Namuhla, indawo ephelele yomhlaba olimekayo ifinyelela amahektha angama-7000. Ipulazi libhekela ngokutshala amazambane abolile wembewu, okusanhlamvu kanye nohlamvu lweoyile.
Ngo-2016, ipulazi lizogxila ekukhuliseni izinhlobo zamazambane aseDutch naseJalimane: I-Red Scarlett, Impala, Gala, Nevsky, Vega, Molly, Picasso, Riviera, Sifra, Roco, Innovator, Hermes, Lady Claire, Newton, uLady Rosetta, noColomba nezothando.
I-LLC "I-KIMOVSKY SPACES"
Kwakhiwa ngo-2007. Ipulazi lisahlukaniswa ngokwakhiwa kweMalino Group of Companies. Umsebenzi omkhulu ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Ipulazi likhiqiza ukolweni wasebusika nwasentwasahlobo, ibhali likamalting nokudla, kudlwengulwe, ubhontshisi, izaqathe namazambane (izinhlobo uHermes, Isibindi, iLady Claire, iLady Rosetta, iSaturna) enhlabathini ehlanzekile ngokwemvelo engama-280 km ukusuka eMoscow. Ibhizinisi lilima amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha omhlaba.
Ukugxila okukhethekile ku- "Izikhala ezivulekile zeKimovskie" kunikezwa ezikhulayo zamazambane. Indawo ebekelwe amahektha angama-400 ibekelwe yona. Kulesi siza, kusetshenziswa imishini yokunisela.
Ipulazi linendawo yokulondolozela yesimanje evumela ukuthi wena ugcine ama-80% emikhiqizo eyenziwe, kanye nesikhungo sempahla esinezintambo zokugeza, zokuphola nokufaka izaqathe namazambane. Ibhizinisi lingathumela kuze kufike kumathani angama-180 emikhiqizo ngosuku.
Inqwaba yamazambane akhiqizwayo ihanjiswa embonini yaseKashirsky chip Frito Lay Production (50%).
Izinto ezenziwe ngomnyango Wezolimo esifundeni saseTula