Kulesi sigaba, sihlale sabelana ngolwazi lokuthi ukukhula kwamazambane kukhula kanjani ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zaseRussia. Kepha kulokhu banqume ukudlula imingcele yabo ejwayelekile kuzo zonke izinqondo futhi banikela ngengxenye ebalulekile yalolu daba kuKazakhstan - umakhelwane waseRussia oseningizimu, owayengakaze aphathe isihloko "samandla akhulisa amazambane" emlandweni, kepha wakwazi ukuguqula kusuka kumngenisi omkhulu abe ngumthumeli wamazambane ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
UKairat Bisetaev, uSihlalo weBhodi ye-Union of Potato and Vegetable Growers of Kazakhstan, ulandisa ngokuthi izwe likwazile kanjani ukuthola le mpumelelo nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi okusamele ixazululeke.
Mayelana nempumelelo nokuncane mayelana nezibalo
IKazakhstan ibilokhu incike emazweni amazambane. Ngezikhathi zamaSoviet, sathola amazambane avela eBelarus, esikhathini esalandela iSoviet - evela emazweni angomakhelwane.
Imboni yamazambane ithole umfutho omkhulu wentuthuko ngawo-5. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuvuselelwa komnotho okujwayelekile kwaqala eKazakhstan futhi kwalandelwa inqubomgomo yekhredithi efanelekile: izinsiza zezezimali zakhishwa iminyaka engu-7-4 ku-2008% ngonyaka. Izinhlelo zokuqashisa zazinenzuzo encane. Ezimeni "zemali eshibhile" kwakulula ukuqala ibhizinisi, futhi ngo-2010-XNUMX umuntu angakhuluma ngemiphumela yokuqala ebonakalayo. Yize ngaleso sikhathi iKazakhstan yayisaxhomeke ezintweni ezingaphandle: kusukela ngoJanuwari, amazambane avela ePakistan, e-Iran, eChina, ingasaphathwa iKyrgyzstan neRussia, angeniswa kakhulu ezweni.
Ngo-2016-17, abatshali bamazambane baseKazakhstan, ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni wezwe, bakwazile ukuletha ngokugcwele imakethe yasekhaya ngemikhiqizo nokususa ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lezimali lenze ukuthi kukhulume amandla amakhulu okuthekelisa. Uhulumeni nezamabhizinisi, kunjalo, bangaveza leli qiniso empumelelweni yabo.
Manje emapulazini ezolimo akuleli (kungabalwa amapulazi ezakhamizi) cishe amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25 abelwe amazambane, le ndawo yonke ingaphansi kokuniselwa. Lawa mahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25 ondla abantu bonke basemadolobheni eKazakhstan, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, singathekelisa amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200-300.
Isilinganiso sesivuno samazambane singama-35-37 t / ha. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kungumphumela omuhle, eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule emapulazini amaningi isivuno asizange seqe ama-30 t / ha, kepha kusukela lapho amandla abalimi bamazambane ande kakhulu. Ngicabanga ukuthi uma eminyakeni ezayo kungekho ukushaywa okubucayi ebhizinisini lethu "kusuka ngaphandle", isivuno esijwayelekile sizofinyelela kuma-40 t / ha. Yize sekunamapulazi ezweni lonke avuna u-50-55 t / ha, futhi sikholwa ukuthi yiso kanye lesi silinganiso okudingeka ukuthi uphokophele kuso.
Inani eliphelele lesivuno esikhulu, ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, cishe lingamathani ayizigidi ezi-4 amazambane (emapulazini azo zonke izinhlobo). Eqinisweni, ngicabanga ukuthi, awekho ngaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezi-2-2,2. Ngeshwa, isiko lokubala "ngamaphutha" ligcinwe ezweni lethu kusukela esikhathini seSoviet, kepha maduzane nje sizoqeda: ukufakwa kwedijithali kwethulwa ngenkuthalo ezweni, ukubalwa kwawo wonke amazwe kuyaqhubeka. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi lokhu kuzosiza ukuxazulula inkinga ngezibalo ezibandlululayo.
Ukukhulisa imbewu kusekelwa yiYurophu nokuzalaniswa nge-oda lebhizinisi
Kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000, abalimi bamazambane eKazakhstan bathembele ezinhlotsheni zesimanje ezikhiqiza kakhulu zokukhethwa kwaseYurophu. Manje isabelo salezi zinhlobo emapulazini sidlula ama-90%, futhi inani elikhulu lembewu lingeniswa minyaka yonke lisuka eJalimane naseNetherlands. Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu ezweni lethu.
IKazakhstan isungule uhlelo lokuthuthukisa ukukhethwa kwamazambane nokukhiqizwa kwembewu, kepha yenzelwe isikhathi eside sokuqalisa, futhi kuze kube manje sisekuqaleni kwale ndlela.
Omunye wemisebenzi yamasu ebalulekile esizibekele yona esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwenani lamazambane embewu akhiqizwa ezweni lethu.
IKazakhstan inezinzuzo eziningi zokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwembewu. Asinakho ukusilela kwezindawo (njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, eNetherlands), okungukuthi, azikho izinkinga ngokuhambisana nokujikeleza kwezitshalo ezine-field. Ama-pluses afaka isimo sezulu esishisayo sezwekazi: ubusika obunzima busiza ukuqeda izifo eziningi, kanti ihlobo elomile lenza kube lula ukulawula izifo zebhaktheriya nezikhunta. Uma sibheka lokhu, kusobala ukuthi ngezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa (ngaphansi kwamazwe amaningi aseYurophu) singathola isivuno esisezingeni eliphakeme.
Silindele ukuheha abalimi baseYurophu ukuze ngokuhlanganyela bakhule izinhlobo zaseYurophu zembewu yamazambane endaweni yethu, bese sizithengisa hhayi eKazakhstan kuphela, kodwa nasemazweni aseCentral Asia naseRussia.
Izinyathelo ezithile kule ndlela sezivele zithathiwe. Ngakho-ke, ithimba elivela eKazakhstan (abamele ibhizinisi, uMnyango Wezolimo) bavakashela iNetherlands, bahlangana nabalimi, abamele iNAK (Main Inspection Service yaseNetherlands ye-Quality Control of Seed Material), baxoxa ngamathuba okubambisana. Futhi sabona intshisekelo evela eYurophu.
Manje kufanele sidlule ezigabeni ezimbili ezibalulekile, ezandulela ukuqala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela.
Okokuqala ukujoyina i-UPOV (Inhlangano Yokuvikelwa Kwamalungelo Okushicilela Ababelethi). Okwesibili ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwethu lokuqinisekisa imbewu (luzosuselwa ohlelweni lwe-NAK oluvumelaniswe nezimo zethu).
Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi konke lokhu kuyenzeka, okusho ukuthi (ngemuva kwesimo sezulu esithandekayo eKazakhstan yonkana), kuzosetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusebenzisana.
Kepha uma sikhuluma ngesidingo sokuheha ongoti baseYurophu, ukubaluleka kokukhula kwezinhlobonhlobo zaseYurophu endaweni yethu, asikhohlwa ngokukhethwa kwethu. Manje sekufakwe izinhlobo ezingama-36 zamazambane kuRejista Yezimpumelelo Zokuzala zaseKazakhstan. Sifuna ukunweba lolu hlu, kepha izinhlobo ezintsha zaseKazakh kufanele ziqhathaniswe nezici nezinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe ezihamba phambili.
Hlobo luni lwamazambane abakhiqizi bezolimo banamuhla abafuna ukutshala eKazakhstan?
Okokuqala, sidinga izinhlobo zakuqala neziphakathi nendawo - lesi isicelo esivela emapulazini asezindaweni ezisenyakatho neKazakhstan (lapho kukhona khona amabhizinisi amakhulu "amazambane"). Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi azikho izinhlobo ezinjalo ezanele ngezizathu zomlando: i-Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing of Kazakhstan itholakala e-Almaty, okungukuthi, eningizimu yezwe. Futhi ososayensi balesi sikhungo bebelokhu begxile ezinhlotsheni zokutshala eningizimu.
Okwesibili, izinhlobo ezinenyama ephuzi ziyadingeka emakethe, lokhu kungumkhuba weminyaka engu-7-8 edlule.
Futhi ohlwini lwezimfanelo ezidingekayo zomkhiqizo isivuno esikhulu, isethulo esihle kakhulu (izinhlobo eziningi ezifuywayo zidume ngokunambitheka kwazo okuhle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zinamaxolo angalingani namehlo ajulile, avimbela amazambane aseKazakh ekuncintisaneni nawaseYurophu), ikhwalithi yokugcina enhle, ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
Futhi lokhu akuzona nje izifiso zabalimi, kepha empeleni uhlelo lokuthatha isenzo.
NgoJanuwari 2020, abamele amabhizinisi babamba iqhaza okokuqala emhlanganweni woMkhandlu Wezemfundo we-Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing of Kazakhstan. Izinhloko zamabhizinisi ezolimo zibe nethuba lokukhuluma ngezidingo zazo futhi zenze izinguquko ohlelweni lomsebenzi wabalimi eminyakeni ezayo. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ukusebenza ngezingxoxo, sizothola imiphumela emihle.
Njengoba ngishilo, eminyakeni emithathu edlule eKazakhstan, isivuno samazambane besilokhu sikhula kakhulu. Kepha izinkomba ezifinyelelwe aziwona umkhawulo, zingakhushulwa okungenani isikhathi esisodwa nohhafu, okusho ukuthi kungatholakala amanye amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-400-450 wemikhiqizo noma ingakhuliswa indawo. Isimo esikhulu salokhu imbewu ephezulu yezinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu.
Umhlaba namanzi njengezimbangela ezinkulu zokukhula
Kodwa-ke, indawo izokwanda futhi. IKazakhstan inendawo yamahhala yokwenza ibhizinisi kanye nemithombo eyanele yamanzi ukuqhubeka nokukhulisa ukuchelela.
Amazambane akhula eKazakhstan angenye yalezi zingxenye ezikhulayo zezitshalo ezikhula ngokwemvelo ngenxa yebhizinisi. Lapho ezolimo ziheha, abatshalizimali bangaphandle kuqala bafuna ukutshala imali ekuniseleni, bebona ukuthi wonke umugqa wezolimo eKazakhstan utholakala endaweni yokulima okuyingozi. Isikhathi sonke sokukhula (kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ku-Agasti sifaka phakathi) ezweni, ngokwesilinganiso, imvula yehla ngama-50 kuye ku-150 mm, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kuyinsindiso yethu. Ngakho-ke, ukuheha kwezolimo eKazakhstan kungahlulelwa ngokuthuthuka kokunisela.
Futhi namuhla uhlelo oluhlukile lombuso lokuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yamanzi nokunisela selwamukelwe. Manje ezweni kukhona cishe ama-1200-1300 amahektha ayizinkulungwane ngaphansi kokunisela, ngo-2027 umsebenzi ukuphinda kabili lezi zindawo, futhi lokhu kungokoqobo impela.
Futhi uma abantu bethula ukuchelela, okokuqala bafuna ukutshala amazambane nemifino ye-borsch isethi, ngoba lezi zilimo zinikeza ukubuya okuphezulu kakhulu (ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yeKazakhstan, lapho sinemithombo yamanzi emikhulu kakhulu).
Isitoreji. Imakethe yasekhaya inikezwa amazambane izinyanga eziyi-10 ngonyaka
Angikwazi ukusho ukuthi iKazakhstan ixazulule i-100% inkinga yokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza zesimanje zokugcina amazambane. Kuningi okumele sisebenzele kukho. Yize kunjalo, abalimi bahlinzeka ngokuphelele ngemakethe yasekhaya ngamazambane asezingeni eliphakathi kusukela phakathi noJulayi (kusukela ekuqaleni kokuvuna amazambane okuqala) kuze kufike ku-Ephreli.
UMay ubengavalwa ngaphandle kobunzima. Kepha ngalesi sikhathi, amazambane amasha avela e-Uzbekistan ngokuvamile aqala ukuza kithi, futhi akusizi ukuncintisana nawo ngemikhiqizo yesitshalo esidala. Kusukela maphakathi noMeyi kuya maphakathi noJulayi, sidayisa amazambane amasha avela emazweni amaningi aseningizimu futhi sicabanga ukuthi kulungile.
Ukuthengisa emakethe empunga
Ngokuzisola, ngingaqaphela ukuthi okwamanje cishe wonke amazambane atshalwe emapulazini ezolimo aseKazakh (kanye nemifino ye-borscht) athengiswa ezimakethe. Ngisho nenqwaba yamaketanga okuthengisa aseMoscow (okungenani ama-80%) akhetha ukuthenga "imikhiqizo engcolile" emakethe - okungukuthi, ezindaweni lapho kungekho zinhlelo zokukhokha ezisebenza khona futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola inani labalamuli.
Iqiniso ngukuthi izitolo ezinkulu zihlukanisa amazambane njengemikhiqizo okudingeka nje ukuthi ibe kuhlu lwezinhlobonhlobo, abathembeli kunzuzo kuyo, ngakho-ke bathenga "kubantu besithathu." Ngenxa yalokhu, amazambane asezingeni eliphakeme akuhlali njalo emashalofini ezitolo, noma akhiqizwa ngobuningi obanele.
Vele, kukhona okuhlukile: inethiwekhi eyodwa yokuhweba ibilokhu ithenga amazambane ngqo emapulazini ayingxenye yeNyunyana iminyaka emine manje, futhi ibheka lo mkhiqizo njengolunye lwalezo ezingenza imali ngempela. Inethiwekhi yakha kahle inqubomgomo yamanani, incintisana nezimakethe, futhi yenza kahle. Kepha kuze kube manje lesi yisibonelo esingalodwa.
Ngokuvamile, isimo lapho kunemakethe empunga phakathi komlimi nomthengi wokugcina womkhiqizo, okuthinta kakhulu izinga lentengo, asisagculisi kunoma ngubani. Uhlelo olunjalo aluyikhuphuli imali yomlimi, futhi umkhiqizo utholakala kalula kubantu.
Siyethemba ukuthi uMnyango Wezohwebo osanda kuhlelwa waseKazakhstan uzosiza ukulungisa lesi simo, esizothuthukisa ngokusemthethweni imikhiqizo yezolimo, kubandakanya nemakethe yasekhaya.
I-Union of Potato and Vegetable Growers manje isibambisene nomnyango omusha ukwakha imizila yezimpahla, ukuqinisekisa ukungafihli lutho kuzo zonke izigaba. Sifuna bonke ababambiqhaza bezimakethe baqonde: ukuthi ama-markups enzeka kuphi nokuthi kungani, ngamanani entengo umkhiqizo awuthola kumthengi nokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yawo etholwa ngumenzi.
Malini "ithikithi lokungena" ebhizinisini futhi utshalomali luzokhokha ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo? Ukucabanga ngamanani amazambane
Ukukhulisa amazambane ibhizinisi eliyinkimbinkimbi elidinga utshalomali olukhulu esigabeni sokuqala. Sidinga imishini ekhethekile, imishini yokunisela, yokugcina. "Ithikithi lokungena" libiza kakhulu. Njengomthetho, umlimi wamazambane oqalayo kufanele athathe izimalimboleko zokutshala imali. Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngesikhathi lapho le mboleko ihlinzekwa (njengomthetho, yiminyaka engu-5-7), imakethe isebenza ngokungenaphutha. Okusho ukuthi, umlimi kufanele athole umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphakeme ngamanani amakhulu, futhi imakethe kumele ithenge lo mkhiqizo ngentengo ezohlinzeka umenzi ngenzuzo. Ngeshwa, kokubili okokuqala nokwesibili akwenzeki njalo.
Okokuqala, lapho umuntu ethola konke akudingayo ukuze aqale, imvamisa abanayo imali esele yezindleko zokuqhuba. Futhi ezimweni zethu, ukuze kukhule isivuno esihle samazambane, kuyadingeka ukuthi utshale imali engange-1 million tenge ngehektha ngalinye phakathi nenkathi (ukuqhathanisa: lapho kutshalwa okusanhlamvu, izindleko zingama-1 tenge / ha, imbewu kawoyela - izinkulungwane ezingama-30 tenge / ha). Imali eningi lena, futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi ipulazi lithenge ngokuphelele umanyolo, izinto zokuvikela, futhi livuselele imbewu ngesikhathi. Hhayi njalo hhayi wonke umuntu ophumelelayo. Kepha uma umlimi, ngenxa yokushoda kwemali, eqala ukwenza lula ubuchwepheshe, isivuno siyawa, futhi umkhiqizi angayitholi imali ezomvumela ukuthi asebenzise imalimboleko emile kuye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwenzeka ukuthi ipulazi eliqinile, elinemali eyanele yokusebenza, lithola isivuno esikhulu samazambane asezingeni eliphakeme, kepha alikwazi ukuthengisa elikhule ngenzuzo: ezimweni lapho imakethe yasekhaya igcwele ngokweqile futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kungazinzile, intengo yamazambane ayinikezi inzuzo.
Ukushintshashintsha kwemali kuhlinzeka ngezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu kubalimi bamazambane. Sisebenza kubuchwepheshe baseYurophu naseMelika, sithenga imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo yaseYurophu nembewu. Kepha sithengisa iningi lesivuno emakethe yasekhaya. Lapho i-tenge iwa, ishaya kanzima inzuzo yamazambane.
Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, igrafu yashicilelwa eKazakhstan, ekhombisa ukwanda kwamanani entengo yezimpahla kubhasikidi wabathengi eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ngalesi sikhathi, izwe libhekane nokuningi: ukweqa ngamanani okushintshana, ukwehla kwamandla emali. Imikhiqizo eminingi ebalulekile inyuke ngamanani ngezikhathi ezithile. Kepha amazambane athathe umugqa wokugcina kuleli zinga, intengo yawo inyuke ngo-10% kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kwenziwa uhlelo, ngasizathu simbe, izinkomba zango-2018 azizange zinakwe (kunzima kakhulu kubalimi bamazambane ngokwemali engenayo). Uma bekucatshangelwa, ukukhula kwamazambane kungaba ngamaphesenti angama-20.
Sisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo lapho imakethe inquma intengo. Kepha kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma abalimi belahlekelwa ngokuhlelekile, izwe kwesinye isikhathi lingavele lilahlekelwe imboni ethile. Ngokubona kwami, iziphathimandla kufanele zisilawule lesi simo.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi sithuthukise ukuzalanisa kwethu, ukusungula ukucubungula, ukwenza umsebenzi wobucwebe ezimakethe zakwamanye amazwe - lena indlela ezosivumela ukuthi siqinise futhi sithuthukise umkhombandlela okhulayo wamazambane ezweni.
Thumela. Ukugxila komakhelwane abaseduze
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukukhula kwezitshalo kuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu uma izwe lingenalo uhlelo olucatshangwe kahle lokumaketha izitshalo ezitshaliwe. Ngokombono webhizinisi, iKazakhstan idinga ngempela inqubomgomo evikelayo enempilo yokwazisa ngemikhiqizo yethu ezimakethe zangaphandle.
Sonke siyaqonda ukuthi amazambane akuyona into engathengiswa emhlabeni jikelele. Lo ngumkhiqizo wendawo odingeka kakhulu phakathi komakhelwane abaseduze. Siholwa yibo.
Enye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu kithi yi-Uzbekistan. Njalo ngonyaka leli lizwe lingenisa umkhiqizo ongamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300-400 (futhi kwesinye isikhathi lifike kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500). Ngasikhathi sinye, umthamo ophakeme wezimpahla zamazambane usuka eKazakhstan uye e-Uzbekistan awukadluli amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-269. Kukhona indawo yokukhula. Indawo yezwe lethu, inani lokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kusivumela, ngenqubomgomo efanelekile yokuthekelisa, ukuletha cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300-350 e-Uzbekistan.
Imakethe yaseRussia nayo iyathakazelisa eKazakhstan. Vele, amazambane amaningi ayatshalwa eRussia: sibona kokubili amandla okukhula komkhiqizo kanye nokwehla okuqhubekayo kwemithamo yokungenisa. Kepha iRussia ithenga amazambane phesheya futhi okuningi (esikalini seKazakhstan).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eRussia ukuchelela kuthuthukiswe kahle engxenyeni emaphakathi yezwe, kepha e-Urals, eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga yeSiberia, amazambane avame ukutshalwa ngaphandle kokunisela, kukhona ukwehluleka kwezitshalo, kanti lezi zindawo ziyimakethe enamandla kakhulu. Futhi sibona indawo yethu lapha. Ngokombono wezomnotho, kunengqondo kakhulu ukuletha amazambane kulezi zifunda ezivela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yeKazakhstan kunaseBryansk noma eChuvashia.
Ngokuhleleka kokusebenza okunekhono, kunikezwe izinzuzo ezithile iKazakhstan enazo njengelungu le-Eurasian Economic Community, singasebenza ngempumelelo namanethiwekhi asempumalanga yeRussia. Manje asikwenzi lokhu ngesizathu esilula: akekho umlamuli owanele. Sinabakhiqizi abatshala imikhiqizo emihle kakhulu futhi abakwazi ukuyigcina. Ngasohlangothini lwaseRussia, kukhona abathengi (amaketanga okuthengisa) abakulungele ukwamukela izimpahla futhi abanentshisekelo kukho. Kepha ukunikezwa kwemikhiqizo kumaketanga okuthengisa kuyindaba enzima kakhulu, kunama-nuances amaningi, ibhizinisi elihlukile. Ukuthola abantu abafuna ukukwenza kungumsebenzi ohlukile esingakwazi ukuwuxazulula okwamanje.
Indawo yesithathu engathunyelwa emazweni angaphandle yiChina. Kuleli zwe, izinqubo zokuncishiswa komhlaba wezolimo ziyaqhubeka (ngenxa yokwanda kwamadolobha, ukwakhiwa kwenani elikhulu lamabhizinisi ezimboni), kunenkinga yokwehliswa kwenhlabathi - futhi konke lokhu kuqhathaniswa nesizinda sabantu abakhula njalo. Minyaka yonke lo mbuzo uba nzima kakhulu: ungondla kanjani abantu? Ososayensi bezwe bakholelwa ukuthi impendulo engaba khona kungakhiwa kabusha kokudla kwezakhamizi zezwe (umkhiqizo omkhulu akumele ube ilayisi elijwayelekile, kepha amazambane aphezulu kakhulu).
Ngasikhathi sinye, kusobala ukuthi ezintweni ezingokoqobo zasendaweni, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamazambane yisakhamuzi ngasinye, noma nge-1 kg ngonyaka, kungukukhuphuka kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,5 ngasikhathi sinye, okuvula amathuba amahle okuthumela ngaphandle. Akunakuphikwa ukuthi inqubomgomo yokushintsha indlela yokudla ezweni izosetshenziswa ngokushesha kunenqubo yokwakha izindawo ezintsha. Futhi abakhiqizi bethu bezolimo kumele bakulungele lokhu.
Kabusha. Sakha kusuka ekuqaleni
Ngokucubungula, konke kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane kuze kube manje.
Ngo-2016, i-Union of Potato and Vegetable Growers yaseKazakhstan yamema omunye wamaprosesa amakhulu amazambane emhlabeni - inkampani eyaziwayo yaseDashi ukuvakashela izwe lethu. Sikhombise abamele inkampani amapulazi ethu, kanti ongoti bancome impumelelo yethu kanye namakhono ethu. Futhi eminyakeni embalwa - ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwezinhlobo ezikhethekile kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe - namathemba ethu amahle.
Le nkampani inqume ukuvula isitshalo eningizimu yezwe lethu, esifundeni sase-Almaty, njengoba kuvele ukuthi kulapha amazambane okucubungula amafries akhombisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu: isimo sezulu nenhlabathi kwenza kube lula ukuthola isivuno esifinyelela ku-100 t / ha.
Indawo yokwakhiwa yanqunywa, kwavunyelwana ngenani lezimali. Kepha iphrojekthi ayikenziwa. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi eningizimu yeKazakhstan awekho amapulazi amazambane amakhulu alungele ukubamba iqhaza elibhekele abahlinzeki bezinto zokusetshenziswa zesitshalo. Kuyadingeka kuqala ukubhekana nokuthuthukiswa kwesisekelo sezinsizakusebenza. Ochwepheshe benkampani bakulungele ukwenza lokhu, kodwa kulo nyaka ubhadane lube yisithiyo ekuqaliseni umsebenzi.
Siyabonga kakhulu kulabo esingahlanganyela nabo ukuthi bazimisele ngalolu daba, futhi sithemba okungcono kakhulu. Le phrojekthi ibaluleke kakhulu ezweni: inganikeza umfutho omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni amazambane akhula ngokujwayelekile nasekusungulweni kwemboni yokucubungula. Masingakhohlwa ukuthi iKazakhstan kulokhu ihluke kakhulu eRussia, lapho kunamasiko wokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo evela kumazambane (isitashi, isibonelo), kunezimboni (yize ziphelelwe yisikhathi, kusukela ezikhathini zeSoviet), kunezikhungo zocwaningo ezisebenzela lezi zimboni - okusho ukuthi kukhona ongoti, ubuchwepheshe nesipiliyoni. Kufanele senze konke kusuka ekuqaleni.
Isikhathi sonyaka ka-2020. Isikhathi sokutakula
Lo nyaka ulethe izinselelo eziningi kuwo wonke umuntu.
Intwasahlobo ikhunjulwe ngokwethulwa kokuhlukaniswa yedwa nemingcele ivaliwe emhlabeni jikelele. Kumele sihloniphe uhulumeni wethu: ukuze umkhankaso wokuhlwanyela wenzeke, ukuphathwa kwezinqubo zokusebenza ngoMashi, Ephreli nangoMeyi kwenziwa cishe ngendlela yezandla. Iphini ngalinye le-akim lesifunda lalixhumana ngqo nazo zonke izikhala zamasiko ezisendaweni yesifunda sakhe, noma yiziphi izinkinga zaxazululwa ngokushesha. Imizwa yasaphazeka, kepha konke ukuthunyelwa kwembewu eza kithi evela eYurophu kwalethwa ngesikhathi.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli, kwaqala ukushisa okungajwayelekile ezweni, okwathatha izinyanga ezintathu. Umswakama womoya wafinyelela ku-15%, umhlaba wafudunyezwa wafika ku-60 ° C. Ukunisela bekufanele kuqale inyanga ngaphambi kokujwayelekile. Yize kunjalo, sithole isivuno esihle samazambane - ngokwesibalo sokugcina, sivune cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-900 emkhakheni wezimboni. Lo akuwona umphumela ophakeme kakhulu uma usiqhathanisa nezinkomba zeminyaka emihlanu eyedlule, kepha kusivumela ukuthi sinikeze imakethe yasekhaya ngokhonkolo oqinisiwe futhi sithumele amanye amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250-280 phesheya.
Kumathrendi amahle kulo nyaka, ngingaqaphela amanani entengo aphezulu kakhulu emikhiqizo yethu.
Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, abalimi bamazambane bebesezimweni ezinzima zokuthola inzuzo ephansi - cishe zero, kanti ngonyaka ka-2018, abaningi basala bencipha kakhulu. Futhi manje sethemba ukuthi ngenxa yenani elihle kulo nyaka sizokwazi "ukukhotha amanxeba ethu": sisuse izimalimboleko ezihlambalazayo, silungise imishini, futhi siqinise umsebenzi wokudla okunomsoco nokuvikelwa kwezitshalo. Okwamanje asinalo ithuba lokukhuluma ngentuthuko, ngenkathi sikhuluma ngokubuyiselwa.
Empeleni, umlando wokwakhiwa kwamazambane akhula eKazakhstan uyisibonelo esifanelekile sokusebenzisana okuyimpumelelo kwesinyathelo esizimele, isimo sezulu sokutshala imali kanye nemvelo ekwakheni imboni entsha. Futhi lokhu kumane nje kuyisiqalo!
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