Evgeny Leshchenko, UNgqongqoshe Wezolimo esifundeni saseNovosibirsk
Indawo: 177,76 ayizinkulungwane sq. km.
Inani labantu: Abantu abayizi-2, abangama-798% kubo bangabahlali basemadolobheni.
Isikhundla sendawo: Isifunda saseNovosibirsk siseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-West Siberian Plain. Enyakatho ihlangana nesifunda saseTomsk, eningizimu-ntshonalanga - neKazakhstan, entshonalanga - nesifunda sase-Omsk, eningizimu - ne-Altai Territory, empumalanga - nesifunda saseKemerovo.
Isimo sezulu izwekazi, linzima kakhulu kunezindawo zase-Europe naseMelika ezitholakala endaweni efanayo ye-geographical latitude. Izinkathi ezine zonyaka zivezwe ngokucacile. Ubusika obunzima nobude obunesembozo seqhwa ezinzile ukusuka ku-20 cm eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya ku-50-70 cm enyakatho, kwezinye izikhathi ezinomoya onamandla neziphepho zeqhwa. Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi likaJanuwari: -18…-20°C. Ihlobo liyashisa, kepha lifushane - ukusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-90 kuye kweziyi-100 enyakatho kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-120-130 eningizimu. Inyanga efudumele kakhulu nguJulayi (+19…+25°С).
Izinkathi zezinguquko (intwasahlobo, ikwindla) zifushane futhi zibonakala ngesimo sezulu esingazinzile kanye nokubuya kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Izithwathwa emhlabathini ziqala engxenyeni yesibili kaSepthemba futhi ziphele ekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Isilinganiso sonyaka semvula singu-414 mm (ububanzi obungu-290 kuya ku-540 mm). Imvula efika ku-70% ina ngendlela yemvula, ikakhulukazi izihlambi ezinokuduma kwezulu. Kulokhu, i-20% iwela ngoMeyi-Juni, ikakhulukazi, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba (ngokwesilinganiso) imvula engu-330 mm iwa, kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi - 95 mm. Imimoya yaseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga igcwele kakhulu. Imimoya eyomile nesomiso ibonakala ezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-steppe. Isikhathi sokukhula: kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-144-148 enyakatho kuya ezinsukwini eziyi-158-163 eningizimu.
Impumuzo: ikakhulukazi flat. Ingxenye yesifunda etholakala ngakwesobunxele soMfula i-Ob ithathwe ithafa eliphansi (120 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle) elinokuphakama okumise okumise okwe-mane 3-10 m ukuphakama. Usebe lwesokudla lwe-Ob luphakeme kakhulu futhi inamagquma. Empumalanga yesifunda kuneSalair Ridge enendawo ephakeme kakhulu yesifunda (502 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle).
Inhlabathi: ikakhulukazi ihlathi le-podzolic nelimpunga. Ngenxa yobuningi bengxenye ebalulekile yendawo yesifunda, usawoti wamatshe abumba inhlabathi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, inhlabathi yohlu lukasawoti ithuthukiswa kabanzi lapha: inhlabathi ye-meadow chernozem, inhlabathi ye-meadow, inhlabathi yamaxhaphozi, i-solonchaks, i-solonetzes nenhlabathi eyedwa.
Indawo yezolimo: 7752,475 amahektha ayizinkulungwane.
Isifunda saseNovosibirsk sikleliswe endaweni yesihlanu eSifundazweni SaseSiberian Federal ngokwamanani okukhiqiza amazambane. Sikhuluma noNgqongqoshe Wezolimo Wesifunda saseNovosibirsk E.M. Leshchenko mayelana nokuthi lesi sitshalo sibaluleke kangakanani esifundeni nokuthi akhona yini amathuba okwandisa umkhiqizo.
- U-Evgeniy Mikhailovich, amazambane awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi isitshalo esikhulu sesifunda saseNovosibirsk. Kodwa ingabe isabambe indawo evelele emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izitshalo?
Ngo-2019, indawo yokutshala lesi sitshalo emapulazini azo zonke izigaba yaba amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-19,7, ngo-2020 kancane kancane - izinkulungwane eziyi-18,3.
Ngithanda futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi zonke izifunda zesifunda zisebenza ngokulima amazambane. Ngo-2019, isivuno esiphezulu satholwa esifundeni saseNovosibirsk - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-47,9, i-Ordynsky - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30, iMoshkovsky - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-26,3.
Uma sikhuluma ngomkhakha wezimboni, ngo-2019, izinhlangano zezolimo kanye namapulazi abalimi esifundeni babela amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3,6 zokutshala amazambane. Isamba sesivuno saba amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-72,5. Isilinganiso sesivuno singu-213,3 c/ha.
Ngo-2020, amazambane atshalwa endaweni engamahektha angama-2736.
Sekukonke, amabhizinisi ezolimo ayi-13, amapulazi abalimi abangama-32 kanye nosomabhizinisi ngabanye benza ukulima amazambane esifundeni. Bonke basebenzisa ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokulima.
Ukunakwa okukhulu kwalesi sitshalo (babalelwa ku-67,6% yenani eliphelele lamazambane akhiqizwa emabhizinisini ezolimo, amapulazi abalimi kanye nosomabhizinisi ngabanye) kunikezwa: CJSC Agricultural Farm "Yarkovskoye", IP Leonidov A.P., LLC "LEONIS", LLC " OPH "Izipho Ordynska", LLC "Giganta Gardens". Inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu yokukhiqiza amazambane yatholwa ku-LLC "LEONIS" (268,8%), LLC "Giganta Gardens" (121,4%), LLC "SIBKRA" (120,7%).
- Ingabe zikhona izinhlelo zesifunda zokusekela ukukhula kwamazambane esifundeni saseNovosibirsk?
- Ngokuhambisana neSimemezelo Sikahulumeni Wesifunda SaseNovosibirsk samhla zingama-02.02.2015 No. 37-p "Ohlelweni lwesifunda lwesifunda saseNovosibirsk "Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kanye nokulawulwa kwezimakethe zemikhiqizo yezolimo, izinto zokusetshenziswa nokudla eNovosibirsk Isifunda”, uhlu lwezinyathelo zokusekelwa zikahulumeni ezixhaswe kwisabelomali sombuso kanye nesifunda: ukubuyiselwa kwengxenye yezindleko zokwenza inkimbinkimbi yemisebenzi ye-agrotechnical, ukubuyiselwa kwengxenye yezindleko zokuthengwa kwembewu eyi-elite neyokuqala, ukubuyisela ingxenye ethile. wezindleko zokuthengwa kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini.
- Yiziphi izinhlobo zamazambane ezitshalwa ngokuyinhloko esifundeni? Ingabe ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane kuyathuthukiswa?
- Ngokolwazi olunikezwe igatsha le-Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" yesifunda saseNovosibirsk, ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kombiko wembewu ehlwanyelwe iminyaka emithathu (2018-2020), izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu emabhizinisini ezolimo Isifunda saseNovosibirsk yilezi: Gala, Tuleevsky, Rosara, Red Scarlett, Lina.
Isifunda sihlangabezana nezidingo zaso zempahla yembewu esezingeni. I-Sib-NIIRS (igatsha le-Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS), i-Nastenka Peasant Farm, kanye ne-Michurinets Agricultural Farm CJSC igxile ekutshaleni imbewu yamazambane esifundeni.
- Inkampani I-PepsiCo izovula isitshalo sokukhiqiza ama-chips esifundeni saseNovosibirsk. Ingabe amabhizinisi ezolimo akulungele ukutshala izinhlobo zama-chip?
“Kunjalo, abakhiqizi bezolimo bathole izinhlelo ze-PepsiCo zokwakha imboni yokucubungula endaweni yethu ngesasasa elikhulu. Amapulazi amaningi esikhathini esizayo angathanda ukuba omunye wabahlinzeki bayo abakhulu. Mayelana nalokhu, ngo-2020, abalimi esifundeni bandise indawo etshalwe ngamazambane ama-chip.
Yiqiniso, sonke siyaqonda ukuthi ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo onjalo kudinga ulwazi olunzulu namakhono, kodwa abantu bakulungele ukufunda.
NgoNovemba 2019, ngesikhathi sombukiso wezizwe ngezizwe wezolimo nezimboni “Iviki Lezolimo laseSiberia”, kwahlelwa ithebula eliyindilinga elithi “Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe bokukhulisa amazambane amazambane”, elahlanganisa abakhiqizi abaningi bezolimo abanentshisekelo. Abahlanganyeli betafula eliyindilinga bathole ulwazi oluningi (okuhlanganisa nommeleli we-PepsiCo) mayelana nemithetho yokulungisa inhlabathi, izici zokutshala nokuvuna ama-chips amazambane. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lesi akusona isigameko sokugcina salolu hlobo.
Ngo-2017-18, abezindaba bashicilela imininingwane mayelana nokudalwa kweqoqo lamazambane laseRussia-Chinese esifundeni saseNovosibirsk. Ingabe kuzoba nokuqhubeka kwale phrojekthi?
- Ngeshwa, eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane esifundeni kuye kwehla ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Izinga lokuzanelisa komkhiqizo lingama-84,0% (ngokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu ngenani lama-94,1 kg umuntu ngamunye). Uma kucatshangelwa lokhu, ukwakhiwa kweqoqo lamazambane laseRussia-Chinese esifundeni okwamanje kuthathwa njengokungabalulekile. Kodwa noma kunjalo, asiyiqedi le phrojekthi futhi sizobuyela ekucatshangelweni kwayo lapho ukuzimela ngamazambane kufinyelela ku-100%.
- Ingabe amabhizinisi ezolimo aseNovosibirsk ahlinzeka ngamazambane phesheya?
- Ngokusho kweHhovisi lesifunda le-Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance, ngo-2019, abakhiqizi bezolimo baseNovosibirsk bathumela ngaphandle amathani angama-60 wamazambane. Ukulethwa kwenziwa eRiphabhulikhi yaseKazakhstan. Izinombolo zincane, kodwa esikhathini esizayo sihlela ukwandisa amanani okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe futhi sinikeze usizo kubakhiqizi bezolimo abafuna ukusebenza ngale ndlela (ukusekelwa sekuvele kunikezwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwephrojekthi yesifunda "Ukuthunyelwa Kwemikhiqizo Yezolimo").
- Ingabe uhlelo lokugcina amazambane lwakhiwe esifundeni?
- Amabhizinisi ezolimo angama-27 esifundeni anomthamo wawo wokugcina imifino namazambane, inani eliphelele lendawo yokugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60,4. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhizinisi amathathu anezakhiwo ezinkulu zokugcina eziwavumela ukuthi agcine imikhiqizo ngevolumu yamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15-16,5.
Njengamanje, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwendawo yokugcina amazambane (enamandla amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-12) e-JSC Agricultural Farm "Yarkovskoye" iyaqhubeka.
- Ngo-2015, isifunda saseNovosibirsk sagubha iminyaka engu-120 yokuqala umsebenzi wokubuyisela endaweni yaseBarabinsk. Ingabe isifunda sithembele ekwakhiweni kabusha komhlaba namuhla? Ingabe indawo eniselwa ngenkasa iyakhula?
- Kusukela ngo-2015, besisebenzisa uhlelo olungaphansi lohlelo lukahulumeni "Ukuthuthukiswa kokubuyiswa kabusha kwezindawo zezolimo esifundeni saseNovosibirsk." Ngalesi sikhathi, amabhizinisi ezolimo abelwe ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-108,9 njengokwesekwa kombuso, okubandakanya ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-77,9 avela kwisabelomali sikahulumeni, ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-31,0 kusuka kusabelomali sesifunda, amasistimu okuvuselela ama-5 anendawo yokunisela ephelele kwakhiwa futhi kwakhiwa kabusha amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,9.
Indawo eniselwa ngenkasa esifundeni saseNovosibirsk ingamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-36,9, lapho amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-35,8 angumhlaba wezolimo.
- Abezindaba babhala okuningi mayelana nesomiso esifundeni saseNovosibirsk kulo nyaka. Ingabe izimo zezulu ezinzima zizophazamisa isivuno samazambane?
- Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, isimo esiphuthumayo ezingeni likamasipala ngenxa yokoma kwenhlabathi yethulwa ezifundeni ezingu-17 kwezingu-30 zesifunda, eziningi zazo zitholakala eningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifunda. Ukuhlolwa komonakalo kuyaqhubeka ezindaweni ezithintekile. Ezindaweni eziphuthumayo, indlunkulu idalwe ukuze ihlanganise izenzo futhi iqoqe ulwazi lokusebenza. Indlunkulu, ngokubambisana nezinhloko zezinhlangano zezolimo, izinhloko zamapulazi abalimi, osomabhizinisi ngabanye abenza imisebenzi yezolimo, bathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa umonakalo. Ngokusobala, ngeke kube nerekhodi lokuvuna kulo nyaka, kodwa isimo samapulazi amazambane asibalulekile: okwamanje, akukho ukubhujiswa kokutshalwa kwamazambane okuye kwabonwa.