Indawo: 76624 sq. Km
Inani labantu: Abantu abangu-3, okungu-202% wabo abahlala emadolobheni.
Isikhundla sendawo: Isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod sinemingcele esifundeni saseKostroma enyakatho nentshonalanga, isifunda saseKirov enyakatho-mpumalanga, izifundazwe zaseMari El naseChuvashia empumalanga, iRiphabhlikhi yaseMordovia eningizimu, isifunda saseRyazan eningizimu-ntshonalanga, kanye neVladimir kanye nezifunda ze-Ivanovo.
Isimo sezulu izwekazi elinomoya opholile, ebandayo, ebusika obude kanye nehlobo elifudumele lasehlobo.
Impumuzo: isifunda sitholakala enkabeni ye-East European Plain. Le nsimu ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezicishe zilingane: ihlathi elingaphansi kweTrans-Volga ne-pre-Volga ephakeme engenamuntu.
Inhlabathi: inhlabathi ye-sod-podzolic ne-podzolic (66% yendawo); ihlathi elimpunga lihlala ku-16,3%; i-chernozemic 7,9%; indawo etholakala nezikhukhula ze-alluvial 3,6%; marsh kanye Peat 6,2%.
Indawo yezolimo: Amahektha ayi-2,7 million
Isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod ngokwesiko singenye yezilishumi (futhi kaningi, eziphezulu ezinhlanu) zezifunda zaseRussia-abaholi ekukhiqizeni amazambane. Sesibhale ngempumelelo yayo kule ndawo ngonyaka we-2016, kepha kule minyaka edlule, abakhiqizi bamazambane baseNizhny Novgorod bathole imiphumela emisha ebonakalayo.
Izimpumelelo zika-2019
Ngo-2019, izinhlangano zezolimo kanye namapulazi esifundeni zakha amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-14,7 amazambane. Ekupheleni kwesizini, sekuvunwe amathani ezinkulungwane ezingama-500 zamazambane (ngaphandle kwezindawo ezizimele zasekhaya), okuyisilinganiso esingu-11% ukwedlula izinga lika-2018. Isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod sathatha indawo yesithathu ngokwesivuno esikhulu samazambane eRussia.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane
Esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod, amapulazi ayisikhombisa akhiqiza imbewu yokuzalaniswa kwamazambane aphezulu. I-Potato microclonal propagation yenziwa iLatkin LLC (isifunda sase-Arzamas), i-Elitkhoz LLC (isifunda saseBorsky), i-Aksentis LLC (isifunda saseGorodets), kanye negatsha le-FSBI Rosselkhoztsentr esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod. Ibhizinisi ngalinye lifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni le ndawo esifundeni.
Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka we-2020, igatsha le-FSBI Rosselkhoztsentr eNizhny Novgorod Region laqala umsebenzi wokukhulisa amazambane amancane amazambane ezindaweni ezigcina ukushisa ngo-20: laya la magumbi okugcina izitshalo ezikhulisa amazambane amancane, afakwe imishini ekhethekile yokulungiswa kwamazinga okushisa asezingeni eliphezulu nomswakama, okwenza ukuthi kwenziwe umsebenzi hhayi kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, kodwa futhi nasezingeni lokushisa kweqhwa. Ekupheleni kukaMashi, kutshalwe izitshalo ezingaba ngu-000 ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezimbili.
Futhi kulo nyaka, iNizhny Novgorod Rosselkhoztsentr wethule ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa okusha kwamazambane amazambane abizwa ngama-vitro ngesisekelo soMnyango wesifunda saseBolshemurashkinsky.
Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokugcina ukushisa okwenziwa kukhiqizwa ama-minicubers amazambane esifundeni saseGorodetsky (LLC "LLC" Akentis "), kungenye yamaphrojekthi amakhulu wokutshala imali emkhakheni wezolimo esifundeni sethu.
Ngokuvamile, kukhiqizwa inani eliphakeme lamazambane asezingeni eliphakeme esifundeni, okuvumela ukwanelisa izidingo zabakhiqizi bezolimo bendawo kanye nokuletha imikhiqizo ngaphandle kwesifunda.
Izinhlobo zamazambane ezithandwa kakhulu esifundeni yiGala, Red Scarlett, Colomba, Vineta, Breeze, Innovator.
sokufuna ka
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukwenziwa kabusha kokukhiqizwa kwenhlabathi ukunisela nokukhipha amanzi kabusha.
Lesi sifunda sithuthukise uhlelo lombuso "Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yezolimo yaseNizhny Novgorod Region", evunywe yisinqumo sikaHulumeni weSifunda saseNizhny Novgorod sango-Ephreli 28, 2014 No.
Ngesikhathi sohlelo (kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2019), kwathunyelwa amahektha ayi-7167,7 XNUMX komhlaba wezolimo esifundeni (ngenxa yokwakhiwa okusha nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezinhlelo zokuvuselela).
Ngo-2019, ngokwesivumelwano noMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod, kwakudingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe amahektare angu-1755,4 omhlaba othuthukisiwe, kepha uhlelo lwagcwaliseka ngo-101%: imishini yokunisela yafakwa kumahektha ayi-1779,02. Kwethulwe imiklamo yokunisela ezifundeni zikamasipala zase-Arzamas, eShatkovsky, Sergach, Vorotynsky naseSharangsky.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe uhlelo ngo-2019, ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25 923,2 abelwe kusuka kwisabelomali sombuso, kanye nama-ruble angama-79 949 ezinkulungwane kusuka kwisabelomali sesifunda.
Ngo-2020, isifunda sizofanela senze umsebenzi wokuphinda siqoqe endaweni eyihektare engu-1641.
Imishini yokunisela kakhulu esifundeni isetshenziselwa ukunisela amazambane (ezifundeni zase-Arzamas, eShatkovsky naseGorodetsky), imifino (ezifundeni zaseShatkovsky, eKrasnobakovsky), izingadi (ezigodini zaseSergachsky, eVorotynsky naseSharangsky).
Ukulungiswa komhlaba kabusha kukhuphula kakhulu isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wamaminerali. Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane ekunkelweni kukhuphuka kusuka ku-257 kg / ha (umphumela ojwayelekile esifundeni) kuya ku-500 kg / ha, izaqathe - kuze kufike ku-583 kg / ha. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindleko zokukhiqiza nazo ziyancishiswa.
Lesi sifunda sibhekene nomsebenzi wokuqhubekisela phambili ukubuyiswa komhlaba kabusha. Le yindlela eqinisekisiwe yokwandisa inani lokukhiqizwa kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezilimo.
Thumela
Abakhiqizi bezolimo baseNizhny Novgorod bathumela amazambane eRiphabhlikhi yaseMoldova.
Ngo-2019, kwathunyelwa amathani angaphezu kwamawaka amahlanu ezinkulungwane zamazambane ware abiza cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-5 kuleli. Abathengisi abahamba phambili yi-Agrofirm Rus, TNV Mir Yashchenko neNkampani, Belorechye CJSC, Vetluga Agricultural Complex.
UMnyango wezoLimo weSifunda saseNizhny Novgorod uhlinzeka ukusekelwa kosomabhizinisi bezolimo esifundeni ekuhleleni imisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle futhi ulindele ukuthi lo mkhombandlela uzothuthuka: amanani okuhlinzekwa azokhula, kanti ne-geography izokwanda.
Ukuqhutshwa kwamazambane
Ukuphathwa kwamazambane ngumkhakha othembisayo wesifunda saseNizhny Novgorod, unikezwe ivolumu yokukhiqiza. Ngeshwa, okwamanje kunamabhizinisi ambalwa abhekelela imikhiqizo yamazambane esifundeni: sekuqaliswe ukwenziwa komkhakha wamazambane (iSryryinsinsky Starch Plant), kukhona izindawo zokucobelelana ngolwazi zokukhiqiza amazambane ahlanzewe (i-LLC Latkin, LLC Echo ne. nezinye). Siyethemba ukuthi abatshalizimali abangaba khona bazolazisa ikhono lesifunda, futhi lolu hlu luzokuba lukhulu kakhulu.
Izinto ezilungiselelwe yisevisi yezindaba Iminyango yezolimo kanye nezinsizakusebenza zokudla zesifunda saseNizhny Novgorod
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