I-Phosphorus enhlabathini iyi-macronutrient ebalulekile edingekayo ekudleni kwezitshalo. Ibandakanyeka ezinqubweni ze-metabolic ezifana ne-photosynthesis, ukudluliswa kwamandla, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuwohloka kwama-carbohydrate.
I-Phosphorus itholakala enhlabathini ngendlela yezinto eziphilayo nezimbiwa. Nokho, inani le-phosphorus etholakala kalula lincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nenani eliphelele le-phosphorus emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, umanyolo we-phosphate kufanele usetshenziswe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezitshalo.
I-Phosphorus itholakala enhlabathini ngendlela ye-organic kanye ne-inorganic (amaminerali), futhi ukuncibilika kwayo emhlabathini kuncane. Kukhona ukulingana phakathi kwe-solid-phase phosphorus emhlabathini kanye ne-phosphorus esixazululweni senhlabathi. Izitshalo zingathatha kuphela i-phosphorus encibilikisiwe kusisombululo senhlabathi, futhi njengoba iningi le-phosphorus yenhlabathi likhona ngendlela yezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezinzile, inani elincane kuphela le-phosphorus litholakala ezitshalweni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Lapho izimpande zezitshalo zisusa i-phosphorus esisombululo senhlabathi, enye i-phosphorus ekhangiswe esigabeni esiqinile ikhishwa esixazululo senhlabathi ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi. Izinhlobo ze-phosphorus compounds ezikhona emhlabathini zinqunywa ikakhulukazi inhlabathi pH kanye nohlobo nenani lamaminerali emhlabathini. Amaminerali e-phosphorus ngokuvamile aqukethe i-aluminium, insimbi, i-manganese ne-calcium.
Emhlabathini one-acidic, i-phosphorus ihlangana ne-aluminium, i-iron ne-manganese, kanti enhlabathini ene-alkaline kulungiswa kakhulu nge-calcium. Ibanga le-pH elilungile lokutholakala okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus ngu-6,0-7,0. Emhlabathini omningi, ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo nezinsalela zezitshalo kunomthelela ku-phosphorus ekhona emhlabathini.
Izitshalo zimunca i-phosphorus esixazululweni senhlabathi ngendlela ye-orthophosphate ion: kungaba i-HPO4-2 noma i-H2PO4-. Ingxenye okuthathwa ngayo lezi zinhlobo ezimbili inqunywa yi-pH yenhlabathi, enenhlabathi ephakeme i-pH ethatha i-HPO4-2 eyengeziwe. Ukuhamba kwe-phosphorus emhlabathini kulinganiselwe kakhulu, ngakho-ke izimpande zezitshalo zingakwazi ukumunca i-phosphorus endaweni yazo eseduze.
Njengoba ukugcwala kwe-phosphorus esixazululweni senhlabathi kuphansi, izitshalo zisebenzisa ukumunca okusebenzayo ngokumelene ne-concentration gradient (okungukuthi, ukugcwala kwe-phosphorus kuphezulu ezimpandeni kunesixazululo senhlabathi). Ukuthatha okusebenzayo kuyinqubo eqinisa amandla, ngakho izimo ezivimbela umsebenzi wezimpande, njengamazinga okushisa aphansi, amanzi amaningi, njll., futhi zivimbela ukutholwa kwe-phosphorus.
Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus zihlanganisa ukugoba kanye nombala onsomi omnyama wamaqabunga amadala, ukuvimbela ukuqhakaza nokukhula kwezimpande. Ezitshalweni eziningi, lezi zimpawu zivela lapho ukugcwala kwe-phosphorus emaqabunga kungaphansi kuka-0,2%.
I-phosphorus eyeqile iphazamisa ngokuyinhloko ukumuncwa kwezinye izakhi ezifana nensimbi, i-manganese ne-zinc. Ukuvundisa ngokweqile nge-phosphorus kuvamile, futhi abalimi abaningi basebenzisa amanani aphezulu ngokungadingekile womanyolo we-phosphorus, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ama-fertilizer ahlanganisiwe we-NPK noma lapho befaka i-acidify amanzi okunisela nge-phosphoric acid.
Ukuhlushwa okuvumelekile kwe-phosphorus ezixazululweni zezakhi kungu-30-50 ppm, nakuba kutholakale ukuthi lokhu kungancishiswa ku-10-20 ppm. Ezixazululweni zomsoco ezigeleza ngokuqhubekayo, ukugxila kungase kube phansi njengo-1-2 ppm.
Ezindaweni ezingenamhlabathi, njengasenhlabathini, i-phosphorus yakha ngokungezwa ngakunye kwe-phosphorus, futhi amaminerali e-phosphorus ne-calcium noma i-magnesium aqala ukushona phansi. Izinhlobo zamaminerali ezakhiwe zincike ku-pH yendawo.
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi akulinganisi inani eliphelele le-phosphorus emhlabathini ngoba inani le-phosphorus elitholakalayo lincane kakhulu kunesamba esiphelele. Futhi ayilinganisi i-phosphorus esixazululweni senhlabathi ngoba inani le-phosphorus esixazululweni senhlabathi ngokuvamile liphansi kakhulu futhi alibonisi kahle inani le-phosphorus izitshalo ezingase zikwazi ukuyithatha ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ye-phosphorus empeleni kuyimethrikhi esiza ukubikezela isidingo sesitshalo somanyolo. Izincomo zomanyolo zisekelwe ekuhlolweni kwensimu eminingi enhlabathini nasezitshalweni eziningi. Izindlela zokuhlola ezehlukene ziholela emananini ahlukene, okumele ahunyushwe ngokufanele.
Kodwa ukudideka akugcini lapho - amalebhu ahlukene asebenzisa indlela efanayo yokuhlola angase ahumushe amanani afanayo ngendlela ehlukile. Ukuthatha amasampula okufanelekile komhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uthole imiphumela ebonisa ngempela izinga le-phosphorus etholakalayo.
Njengoba i-phosphorus inganyakazi emhlabathini, amasampula athathwe enhlabathini engaphezulu ngokuvamile abonisa i-phosphorus eningi kunamasampula athathwe phansi.
Iningi le-phosphorus elifakwe enhlabathini lihlala phakathi kwama-intshi angu-1-2 wokufaka isicelo. Ngakho-ke, indawo eqondile lapho amasampula athathwe kuyo ingathinta kakhulu umphumela.
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