Izambane liyisilimo esibalulekile sokuvikela ukudla kanye nokudla okunomsoco e-sub-Saharan Africa. Kodwa kunenkinga eyodwa enkulu - ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwekhwalithi yembewu yamazambane.
Isimo asihlukile eCameroon, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane kukazwelonke ngonyaka kungamathani angama-300 kuphela - ngaphansi kwezilinganiso zesidingo sikazwelonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwanda kokukhiqiza, abalimi baseCameroonia bangathola inzuzo ngamathuba okuthumela emazweni angomakhelwane njengeChad, Gabon kanye neCentral African Republic.
Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kwembewu yamazambane aqinisekisiwe kuphansi kakhulu (<5%), okusho ukuthi abalimi abaningi bagaya kabusha amazambane amadala ukuze batshalwe ngokulandelayo, bakhiqize isilinganiso samathani ayi-7-10 ihektha ngalinye (t/ha), ngaphansi kakhulu kwesivuno esingase sibe khona. ngo-20-30 t/ha.
Kodwa impumelelo yakamuva eKenya (enzalweni yamazambane) - esekelwa yi-International Potato Center (CIP) - inesithembiso esikhulu eCameroon nakwamanye amazwe e-SSA, lapho amazambane angadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelekeni kokudla.
Ngokusebenzisana nozakwethu bendawo baseKenya, i-CIP yasiza ukwakha nokuxhumanisa ukukhiqiza kanye nokufinyelela ezintweni zokuqala ukukhiqiza imbewu eqinisekisiwe evela kuma-minitubers. Lezi zinsiza zihlanganisa ama-clone ayisisekelo kanye nezitshalo ze-test-tube zamazambane avuselelwe, akhiqiza isivuno esiphezulu futhi amele amathuba amahle emali engenayo kubalimi abancane.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngendaba yempumelelo yaseKenya, i-CIP kanye neGreen Innovation Centers for Agriculture and Food Project (ProCISA) bahlele uhambo lwezithunywa zaseCameroon ezingu-12, okuhlanganisa nabacwaningi abavela ku-Institute for Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), izikhulu zoMnyango Wezolimo. kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya (MINADER) kanye nabakhiqizi bembewu abazimele abavela ezifundeni ezihlukene ukuze bafunde kabanzi mayelana nokwakha umthamo wokukhiqiza imbewu yamazambane ngezinto ezintsha zakamuva.
“IKenya isithuthuke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amazambane embewu kanye nasekuthuthukiseni amandla. Size ukuzofunda futhi sibone ukuthi singasebenzisa amamodeli lapha. Konke kuzoshintsha. Ukumisa amalebhu embewu kuseyisiqalo nje,” kusho uJulie Teh Nguh, iPhini Lomqondisi kwa-MINADER.
Umongo waseCameroon
Abatshali bamazambane embewu eCameroon njengamanje bangenisa iningi lembewu yabo evela eNetherlands naseFrance ukuze bayisakaze futhi idayiswe. Kodwa-ke, le nto yembewu ingazala izinkathi ezimbili kuphela futhi ingakhiqizi ngemva kwalokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu abayikhiqizayo ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu kubalimi abaningi abancane ezweni.
Ithimba elivela eCameroon lafunda eKenya indlela yokumisa amalabhorethri nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza imbewu yamazambane esezingeni eliphezulu engathengiswa ngentengo ephansi kodwa esezingeni eliphakeme kunembewu evela kwamanye amazwe.
E-Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization (KALRO), ithimba libone ukuthi izitshalo zamashubhu okuhlola amazambane embewu enempilo zisakazwa kanjani. Ngenxa yalokho, abalimi baseKenya baye baqaphela ukwehla okumangalisayo kokubuna kwamagciwane ezitshalweni zabo zamazambane.
“Konke kuqala elabhorethri yethu. Ngeke sehluleke kulesi sigaba… “Njengoba isidingo sembewu emsulwa sikhula, abalimi maduze bazodinga izinto zokutshala izitshalo kumashubhu okuhlola ngobuningi. Kudingeka sisakaze izitshalo ngokushesha nangaphansi kwezimo ezingcono kakhulu ze-aseptic. Ngidinga ukuthi ithimba lami lazi ngezifundo engizifundile kulolu hambo,” kusho uRauwitta Omabit, uchwepheshe wezicubu zomzimba kwa-IRAD.
Ngemva kokuvakashela labhu, ithimba liye laya eKisima Farms, ipulazi lembewu elizimele eMeru County esebenzisa i-aeroponics ukukhiqiza imbewu yamazambane, kanye ne-Stockman Rozen Kenya, enye inkampani ezimele esebenza nezitshalo zamashubhu ezivivinyayo kanye nabatshali bendawo ukuze bakhiqize imbewu ehlanzekile. . .
E-Kenya, ama-tubers angu-15-25 angatholakala esitshalweni esisodwa se-tube esishintshiwe, futhi izikhathi ezi-3 ngaphezulu zingatholakala ensimini.
“Isenzo sami sokuqala kuzoba wukwakha ilabhorethri. Ngifuna ukuqala ibhizinisi lokusabalalisa nokudayisa izitshalo zamashubhu okuhlola ashintshiwe futhi ngiwanikeze abalimi. Obunye ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-aeroponics buzodinga ukuhlela isikhathi eside.",kusho uNorbert Kenfak, usihlalo we-PROPOTEM yokulima entshonalanga neCameroon.
Izinhlobo ezikhethwa yimakethe
Kodwa imbewu ehlanzekile azanele ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa. Ukukhula kwesivuno ngeke kuxazulule izinkinga zokuphepha kokudla nokudla ngaphandle uma izinhlobo ezikhiqizwayo zithengwa abathengi emakethe (N. Ronoh/CIP).
Inkampani ezalanisa abalimi i-KALRO isikhiphe izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezithela kakhulu kubalimi ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwemakethe olwabikezela ukuthandwa kwazo. I-Unica iyinhlobonhlobo entsha eyintandokazi yabalimi.
“Kudingeka futhi sithuthukise futhi sithuthukise izinhlobo zasendaweni. Sidinga izinhlobo ezincintisanayo. Eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo zethu zibalulekile, kusho uClement Vara, umkhiqizi wembewu ozimele. "Singathanda ukuthi i-Unica nezinye izinhlobo ze-CIP zengezwe kukhathalogi yethu kazwelonke."
Ekugcineni, ithimba elivela eCameroon lakhuthazwa ukuthi likhuthaze ukusungulwa kwamaqembu abalimi ukuze kusheshiswe ukusakazwa kwemibono emisha nezinhlobonhlobo emiphakathini.
U-Wachira Kagungo, oyi-CEO ye-National Potato Council of Kenya (NPCK), uthe impumelelo yabo ikweleta okukhulu ekukhangiseni kwabo kanye nemizamo yokukhuthaza imbewu esezingeni eliphezulu. Izinkundla zedijithali zenziwe zatholakala ukuze kukhuliswe futhi kuhlelwe ulwazi;
“I-Viazi Soko yethu (Iwebhusayithi) inikeza ulwazi olusuka ekugcineni luye ekupheleni ngochungechunge lwenani kusukela ekukhiqizweni kuya ekukhangiseni amazambane, kanye nezinsiza zokweluleka ngezimo zezulu zabo bonke ababambiqhaza. Ngale nkundla, abalimi bangafaka ama-oda embewu kusenesikhathi bese iNPCK ihlela ukuthunyelwa okuhleliwe,” kusho uKagungo.
Iqembu laseCameroon lichithe izinsuku ezinhlanu sezizonke eKenya.