Umbhalo: Maria Rozhkova
Ukukhiqizwa kweselery eRussia kuya ngomfutho
Kuze kube muva nje, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi nezimpande eRussia bekhuliswa kuphela izakhamuzi zasehlobo. Kwakungekho mqondo othile ekuhleleni ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni - kungaba nzima kubalimi abancane ukumelana nokuncintisana nabakhiqizi bangaphandle. Kepha, njengoba besho, bekungeke kube nenjabulo, kepha amashwa asizile: ukuvinjelwa, okwethulwe ukuphendula unswinyo olwa neRussia, kunqamule ukunikezwa kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi emazweni amaningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, abakhiqizi bezolimo baseRussia banake leli siko elisha kubo.
Vele, iRussia isesekude kakhulu nenani lamazwe endabuko akhiqiza isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi. Ngokusho kuka-Andrey Ivashkin, uchwepheshe wezimpande kanye ne-petiole isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kanye namalikhi wenkampani "Raik Zwaan Rus", okwamanje eRussia ngaphansi kwezimpande kanye ne-petiolate isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi
ahlali amahektha angaphezu kwama-300, kuyilapho eYurophu kuphela kulinywa amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-16: ama-4,6 amahektha ayizinkulungwane e-Italy, amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-3,1 eFrance, amahektha ayi-2,1 ayizinkulungwane eSpain (angathunyelwa eGreat Britain) kanye namahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,4 eJalimane . I-Petiole isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sithandwa kakhulu e-United States, China, Japan, Israel, kanye naseScandinavia.
Indawo yokutshala i-petiole nempande yesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi:
I-Russia i-300 ha
I-Italy 4,6 amahektha ayizinkulungwane
I-France 3,1 amahektha ayizinkulungwane
I-Spain 2,1 izinkulungwane zamahektha
I-Germany i-1,4 izinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-ha
UVladimir Matusevich, inhloko yepulazi iMaentak Matusevichy (Republic of Belarus, esifundeni saseMinsk), wayengomunye wabokuqala ukutshala isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi endaweni yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union. Usungule ibhizinisi lomndeni wakhe ngo-1988. “Saqala ukutshala zonke izitshalo ezingandile futhi ezazingandile endaweni yase-USSR eyayaziwa kudala eNtshonalanga - isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi (impande nepetiole), amalikhi, zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi (Savoy, ukholifulawa, i-broccoli, amahlumela eBrussels, kohlrabi) - konke kungamangaza abathengi, kukhumbula uVladimir Matusevich. "Bese abantu bebefuna ukuzama inkululeko nokunye." Ekuqaleni, ukufunwa kwemikhiqizo eyingqayizivele kwakusebenza kakhulu, kwase kwehla kancane - abantu babekhathele yizilangazelelo futhi babuyela kuklabishi labo lendabuko, kusho inhloko yepulazi.
IMaentak Matusevichy ingamahektha omhlaba angama-20-30 kuphela. Kulawa, akukho amahektha angaphezu kuka-1,5-2 ayengaphansi kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi eminyakeni ehlukene. "Phambilini, sakhula izimpande zesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje ubunzima baqala ukuvela ngokuqaliswa kwaso, ngakho-ke, uma sitshala isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, siyinkohliso," kusho uVladimir Matusevich. Umlimi uqaphele ukuthi wazi umkhiqizi weselery oyedwa kuphela endaweni yaseRiphabhlikhi yaseBelarus. "Kodwa eminyakeni yamuva ngizwe ngemiklamo emikhulu kakhulu eRussia," esho.
Umfutho wokutshalwa kwezilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi eRussia, yiqiniso, kwaba unswinyo, u-Andrei Ivashkin uyaqiniseka. “Leli siko kade lathandwa ngabantu ngenxa yezinto zalo eziwusizo. Futhi uma isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sangaphambilini sasingeniswa kakhulu ezweni, manje abakhiqizi bezolimo abaningi ngokwengeziwe bayasikhiqiza emasimini abo, - usho kanjalo. "Ngaphambi kokujeziswa, lesi sitshalo besilinywa izakhamuzi zasehlobo kuphela, bekungekho ukusatshalaliswa kwezimboni." Iningi lama-acreage lihlala isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi esine-stalked endaweni yaseKrasnodar naseCrimea, nempande
evame ukukhula eRussia Ephakathi. I-Petiolate ikhule kakhulu ngaphandle, kepha futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ikhule ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ku-hydroponics.
Ukukhiqizwa kweselery kuya kuduma minyaka yonke. “Intshisekelo ekhulayo yesiko elifana nesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ihlotshaniswa nokuthambekela kokusakazeka okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemadolobheni amakhulu eRussia, yempilo enempilo (HLS), ehlinzeka ngokufakwa kwezitshalo zemifino ezinama-khalori aphansi ekudleni, ”kusho uSergey Kutko (Republic of Crimea; ukutshala imifino). "Inkampani yethu ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunayo yonke yamakhambi amaningi okwelapha, ngakho-ke indaba yokunakekelwa kwempilo yabantu ayiqali kithi."
Inhloko yepulazi uVladimir Parkhomenko uchaza ukukhethwa kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi njengesinye sezitshalo eziyinhloko zenkampani i-Agroleto (iKrasnodar Territory) ngokufunwa njalo okuvela emaketangeni ezitolo ezinkulu, kanye nezicelo ezijwayelekile ezivela kubalingani bezohwebo zokutshala lo mkhiqizo. I-Agroleto ingumkhiqizi wesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi amakhulu eRussia. "Sisebenza ekutshaleni nasekuqedeleni ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo eziningana - ama-radishes, amalikhi kanye nesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi esinyanyisiwe," kusho uVladimir Parkhomenko. "Lezi yizilimo ezingezinhle neze, uma konke kwenziwa ngendlela efanele: kusukela ekukhetheni izinhlobo noma i-hybrid ezivumelaniswe nezimo zethu ezikhulayo, ukuwasha nokupakisha umkhiqizo, ukulungele ukubekwa eshalofini elibandayo."
Njalo ngonyaka abakhiqizi abaningi bezolimo bazama ukutshala isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi emasimini abo. Ngakho-ke, ku- "Farmers Agrosoyuz" For the Motherland "(isifunda saseMoscow; amasaladi akhulayo kumahektha angama-60, iklabishi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, amaliki nezinye izitshalo endle) kulo nyaka bakhule futhi bavuna isivuno sokuqala sesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi. Indawo ephelele ngaphansi kwezimpande kanye ne-petiole celery kwakungu-4,2 hectares. "Silwela ukusebenza ne-assortment ngangokunokwenzeka: abathengi badinga izitshalo ezintsha, sizama ukuzikhulisa, - kusho isazi sezolimo nesivuno esikhulu sepulazi uSergey Korolev. - Njenganoma isiphi isiko elisha, babesaba ukuthi ngeke lube khona ulwazi olwanele. Kodwa-ke, unyaka wokuqala unikeze imiphumela emihle kakhulu, ngakho-ke singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi siyalithanda isiko futhi sihlela ukukhulisa indawo ngaphansi kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ngonyaka ozayo. "
Izithombo ziyisisekelo sakho konke
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ukukhulisa izithombo, ngoba ukuthi isitshalo sikhula kanjani kuzoya ngekhwalithi yento yokutshala, kukhumbuza u-Andrey Ivashkin.
Ubunzima obukhulu ukuthi imbewu yesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi mancane kakhulu. "Ngesizathu esifanayo, kunzima ukutshala lesi sitshalo ngokutshala ngqo," kuxwayisa uchwepheshe eRijk Tswaan Rus, "imbewu encane ihluma kancane".
Ngokuvamile isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sikhula izikhathi eziningana: ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kungenziwa kusukela maphakathi noMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Lokhu yikho kanye okwenziwa nguMaentak Matusevichy. "Sitshala isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ngezigaba ezintathu: sihlwanyela inqwaba yezimbewu izithombo ngoMashi, okwesibili -
ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, kanti owesithathu - ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, - wabelana ngenhloko yepulazi uVladimir Matusevich. "Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sivune isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi eBelarus kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba."
... lokhu isiko kunzima ukulikhulisa ngokuhlwanyela ngqo, okuncane
imbewu ihluma kancane
"I-algorithm yokukhulisa izithombo ilula futhi iqondile," kusho u-Andrey Ivashkin. "Okokuqala, zikhulisa izithombo: zihlwanyela emabhokisini, bese zingena emakhasethini noma ezinkomishini, bese zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile." Imbewu yezithombo ivame ukuhlwanyelwa ngoMashi 1, izithombo zivela ngosuku lwe-10. Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-7 ngemuva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingu-14-18 ° C ukuze izithombo zingaluli.
"Kusukela ngoMashi 17, ungakhuphula izinga lokushisa emini libe ngu-21 ° C, kuthi ebusuku - lifike ku-15 ° C," eqhubeka. - Ngokuyinhloko, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amabhokisi anezithombo asezindlini zokugcina izithombo zefilimu, njengomthetho, evuthayo. Futhi ngo-Ephreli 1, lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-2, afakwa kumakhasethi noma izinkomishi ezine-peat. " Baqala ukuqina izithombo emoyeni ovulekile cishe kusukela ngoMeyi 5, nangomhlaka 10, lapho izitshalo zinezinsuku ezingama-70-80 ubudala futhi zinamaqabunga ayi-4-5 weqiniso, sezivele zitshalwe ensimini. Lezi zigaba namatemu ajwayelekile kuwo womabili ama-stalked nezimpande zesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi.
Uchwepheshe "uRaik Tswaan Rus" udonsela ukunakekela ekutheni izithombo ezenziwe ngomumo kufanele zisuswe kahle kumakhasethi. Izithombo zitshalwa ngesandla noma kusetshenziswa imishini yokufaka kabusha. Kulesi sigaba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukungazinzisi ngokujulile izitshalo ukuze zingagcwalisi indawo yokukhula, kusho u-Andrey Ivashkin. Imvamisa, kutshalwa izitshalo eziyizigidi ezingama-1 kuya kwezingu-65 zesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ngehektare ngalinye (kuya ngomhlabathi nezimo zezulu, ukutholakala
ubuchwepheshe obufanele nezidingo zemakethe).
“Izithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi akuzona nje ezibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni umkhiqizo osezingeni elithengiswayo ngesikhathi sokuvuna,” kugcizelela uSantiago Gaston, onguchwepheshe wesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi eRijk Zwaan Iberica. - ISpain ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke
isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi esinyakazisiwe emjikelezweni wasebusika-entwasahlobo futhi sithumela imikhiqizo ezimakethe eziningi zaseYurophu - iJalimane, iFrance, nenyakatho yeYurophu. ESpain, izithombo zesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi zitshalwa izitshalo ezikhethekile zokushisa izithombo. Umlimi uthola isitshalo esiqinile, esilungele ukutshalwa esilingana kahle (izinsuku ezingama-55-65 zohlaza). Sisebenza kuphela ngezinhlamvu zesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi esinqunyiwe. Imbewu enjalo ihluma ngokushesha okukhulu nangokuthula emnyangweni wezithombo, osindisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuthola izithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. "
Indawo yesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ilungiswa kusengaphambili ukuze kungabikho nokhula. Izandulela ezifanelekile - izitshalo okwasetshenziswa kuzo umanyolo ophilayo - iklabishi. Ngemuva kokutshala izithombo ensimini, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise izikhuthazi zokukhula, uma kunesidingo. Isikhathi esikhulayo salesi sitshalo izinsuku eziyi-140-180 (kusuka ekuhlungeni), kanti isivuno esilinganiselwe se-petiole isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi singama-40-70 t / ha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esiphezulu
isivuno sarekhodwa e-USA - 96 t / ha.
Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi siyavunwa lapho izingongolo ziminyene, ngaphandle kwezikhala. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ube nesikhathi sokuyisusa ngaphambi kokuba imicu ibe lukhuni futhi iqine. Amahlumela asikwa ngesandla ngommese okhethekile, uwahlukanisa nokhololo wezimpande ezingeni lomhlabathi. Amaqabunga aphezulu nawo angafinyezwa. Ukuze kuthengiswe kuze kube sekupheleni kwamakhasimende, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sinqunywa ngobude be-petiole obungu-27-35 cm nesisindo esingu-150 kuye ku-800 g. Ngaphambi kokuthengisa, izitshalo ziyahlanzwa
kusuka kumahlumela ohlangothini olungadingekile. Ukucutshungulwa kwezebhizinisi kuqukethe ukususa amaqabunga nama-petioles angavuthiwe, ukulinganisa, ukuwafaka nokuwafaka emagumbini okuqandisa ukuze aphole emazingeni okushisa we-0 ° C kanye nomswakama ohlobene okungenani we-98%. Emaphaketheni akhethekile ane-perforation, lo mkhiqizo ungagcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kumaviki angu-3-4.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuna izimpande zesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, iziqongo ziyaqalwa kuqala, bese kuthi isivuno sezimpande uqobo sicwile (lokhu kungenziwa ngemishini). U-Andrey Ivashkin uthi: “Ngemuva kwalokho impande iyahlanzwa bese ifakwa esitsheni. "Kungcono ukugcina iselery lempande nezimpande ezisemaceleni ukuze ukutheleleka kungafiki ezindaweni ezisikiwe, futhi ngaphambi kokuthumela iklayenti kufanele ligezwe, likhishwe izimpande ezisemaceleni futhi lipholishiwe, uma kunesidingo."
Kufudumele futhi kunomswakama
Umhlabathi kanye nezimo zezulu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekutshalweni kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi. "Inhlabathi efaneleke kakhulu kulesi sitshalo iyisimo somswakama omnene," kusho u-Andrey Ivashkin. "Ngasikhathi sinye, kunisela kakhulu nge-drip eningizimu." Ngendlela, lapho ukhula kudriphu
inhlabathi eyisanti elula nayo ilungele ukuniselwa. Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sikhombisa umkhiqizo omuhle emigqeni evulekile, emikhulu ekukhanyeni nasemhlabathini onesihlabathi. Inhlabathi eminyene egcwele amanzi ayilifanele neze leli siko, kuxwayisa uchwepheshe ovela eRaik Tswaan Rus.
Ngokwesipiliyoni sikaSergei Korolev, izindawo ezinhle kuphela ezingafudunyezwa zomhlaba ezifanele ukutshala isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba etholakala ekujuleni okukhulu ngokwanele. Ngokusho kwesazi sezolimo esikhulu se- "Farmer Agrosoyuz" For the Motherland ", isiko linzima kakhulu ngoba
engathandi ukweqisa kokushisa futhi edinga ukuchelela njalo ezigabeni zokuqala, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokutshala. "Ku-celery, sisebenzisa kokubili ukunisela ngenkasa kanye ne-drip irrigation," esho.
Uchwepheshe Wezaselery "uRaik Zwaan Iberica" -
USantiago Gaston de Iriarte Dupui de Lome
"Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi yisiko elithanda umswakama kakhulu," kusho uSergey
Kutko kusuka kuPhytosovkhoz Raduga. "Kwezinye izinsuku, ikakhulukazi ezishisayo ngoJulayi nango-Agasti, izinga lokuchelela lalifinyelela ku-250-300 m3 wamanzi ehektheleni ngalinye, kanti kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula sisebenzise cishe ama-6 m6,5 amanzi ehektheleni ngalinye." Ipulazi lisebenzisa ukuchelela komhlaba ngezinto zokufafaza zohlobo lwangaphambili ezivela kumkhiqizi waseMelika iTL. "Sikholelwa ukuthi lapho kutshalwa isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi eningizimu, kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi kuphela ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngomswakama owanele, kodwa futhi nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa komphezulu womoya - lokhu kunomthelela ekwakheni kangcono i-petiole, ukungabikho yokungaziphathi kahle nokuqina, ”kuchaza isikhulu senkampani.
Leli siko lifuna kakhulu umbuso wezinga lokushisa, kuqhubeka u-Andrey Ivashkin. "Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi singalahla ihlumela eliqhakazayo emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-10 ° C noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokukhuphuka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqapha umbuso wamazinga okushisa," uyaxwayisa. "Ebusika, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sibekezelela isithwathwa esingaphansi kuka - 4 ° C. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula lisuka ku-17 liye ku-24 ° C." Ngaphezu kwalokho, eKrasnodar Territory, lapho amazinga okushisa ehlobo ngokwesilinganiso ephakeme kakhulu, lesi sitshalo sikhula ngempumelelo.
Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sithanda ukuvunda
umhlabathi ugcwele nge-humus enhle. Abandulelayo abafiselekayo kuye ngamakhukhamba nabanye
amasiko ababamba iqhaza kuwo
okomzimba
I-celery nayo ifuna umsoco. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokukhetha ukudla, uchwepheshe wenkampani "uRaik Zwaan Rus" uncoma ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yini ngempela okumele isetshenziswe epulazini ngalinye. Kuyisiko ukwenza ukudla kokuqala ngosuku lwama-20 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, kuphawula u-Andrey Ivashkin. Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sidinga i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-calcium, kanye nezinto ezilandelanayo. "Tshala
uqobo lwayo lukhombisa ukuntuleka kwezinto zokulandela ngomkhondo nezakhi zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona mnyama phakathi nendawo phakathi kwama-petioles, khona-ke ayikho i-calcium eyanele. Ukwenza mnyama ingaphakathi, ukomiswa kweqabunga elincane kunawo wonke enkabeni yesitshalo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi nakho kungakhombisa ukusweleka okukhulu kwe-boron. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singakhuluma ngokushoda kwe-boron uma umbala onsundu ubonakala ekunqunyweni kwesitshalo sezimpande (kamuva
voids akhiwa endaweni yawo), ”kuchaza yena. "Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokudla okunekhwalithi olususelwa kwimiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi kanye nedatha esezingeni elinqunyiwe lesivuno sezitshalo nokususwa kwezakhamzimba," kufingqa uVladimir Parkhomenko wase-Agroleto.
Yonke imanyolo ephambili isetshenziswa ku- "Maentak" Matusevichy "ngaphansi kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi nezitshalo eziluhlaza: i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. “Sigqokisa ama-foliar nge-boron, sisebenzisa umanyolo ohlangene,” kusho inhloko yepulazi. - Siphinde senze izinyathelo zokuzivikela - sisebenzisa ama-herbicides ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo. Isetshenziswa epulazini kanye nesikhunta - kuze kufike esigabeni 6
amaqabunga. "Yebo, kunezinkinga ngezifo, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kuyadingeka," kuqinisekisa uVladimir Matusevich.
Enye yezindlela zokuvikela isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni ukugcina ukujikeleza kwezitshalo. Ngokusho kuka-Andrey Ivashkin, empeleni, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kufanele sibuyiselwe endaweni efanayo eminyakeni engu-3-4.
Njengoba isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi simele umndeni wesambulela, okubandakanya izaqathe, idill, iparsley, ama-parsnip, tshala lezi zilimo ngokulandelana
akunakwenzeka. "Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sithanda umhlabathi ovundile - ogcwele ama-humus amahle," kusho uVladimir Matusevich ngesipiliyoni sakhe. - Abanduleli abafiselekayo kuye ngamakhukhamba
nezinye izitshalo okwethulwa ngakho okuphilayo. Sivamise ukutshala ngemuva kweklabishi, lapho sihlala sibeka khona umquba ngaphansi kwawo. " Ukushintshaniswa kwezitshalo eMaentak Matusevichy kulula kakhulu: “Sinamahektha angama-20 omhlaba wethu olimekayo, siqasha amanye amahektha ayi-10. Ngakho-ke, wonke amazwe ahlukaniswe ngempumelelo abe iziza ezintathu ezilinganayo: kokunye sihlwanyela okusanhlamvu, ngakolunye - iklabishi, kanti kwesithathu - izitshalo eziluhlaza (isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, iparsley, idile, isipinashi). Ngonyaka ozayo, esikhundleni sokusanhlamvu, sitshala iklabishi, esikhundleni seklabishi - luhlaza, esikhundleni sotshani - okusanhlamvu, ”kusho inhloko yaleli pulazi.
USergey Korolev ubuye akhulume ngesidingo sokushintshaniswa kwamasiko. "Sinepulazi elincane - amahektha ayi-120 kuphela, ngakho-ke akukakabi khona ukuhlela ukushintshaniswa kwezitshalo okugcwele - indawo ayivumi," kukhononda isazi sezolimo nomhlaba esiyinhloko soMlimi u-Agrosoyuz Za Rodina. - Siyazijwayeza
ukushintshaniswa kwezitshalo ukunciphisa izinkinga zezifo. " Ipulazi alikhulisi izaqathe nezinye izimbumba, ngakho-ke, akukho songo lokudluliswa kwe-cercosporosis, isikhutha kanye ne-powdery isikhutha phakathi kwezitshalo ezihlobene. Kodwa-ke, kukhona i-bacteriosis emasimini, futhi akukwazeki ukuxazulula ngokuphelele le nkinga, ukuzisola kukaSergey Korolev. "Yebo, kunezifo eziqhamukayo," usho kanje. - Kunjalo ukulwa nabo lapho kudingeka ochwepheshe-bezolimo namahlathi "
U-Andrey Ivashkin uyaqiniseka ukuthi isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sesifo nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane siyindlela yokuvimbela. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezikhulayo ezingamelana nezinhlamvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungenza amalungiselelo akhethekile wesiko langaphambilini. Ngendlela, kusilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi basebenzisa ikakhulu lezo
amalungiselelo afanayo nakaqathi avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ensimini yeRussian Federation.
Kukholakala ukuthi ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwe-agronomist lapho kukhula isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ukulawula izinambuzane ezifana namabhu nama-aphid. Ungalwa nabo ngosizo lwezinambuzane noma izindlela zebhayoloji - ama-entomophages noma amalungiselelo akhethekile. Ekusebenzeni, noma kunjalo, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sivame ukuthintwa yizifo kunezinambuzane. Izifo ezivame kakhulu zalesi siko yi-septoria (ithinta izithombo ezibuthakathaka), i-cercospora, i-sclerotinia, i-rhizoctoniasis, ne-fusarium. Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, i-phytoplasmic aster yellowing (isiNgisi: i-Aster Yellows (i-Phytoplasma), edluliswa izinambuzane ezincelayo, ikakhulukazi i-leafhopper enamabala ayisithupha), idale umonakalo omkhulu kusikompilo lwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi. izifunda eziseningizimu yeRussia, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni - maphakathi nehlobo,
ngemuva kokuqala kokuvuna izitshalo zokusanhlamvu zasebusika, lapho izinambuzane ezithelelekile zifuna isisekelo sefolishi zithuthela ezitshalweni zemifino, lapho ukutheleleka kusabalala khona. Ngokuvamile, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ngokukhethekile ukuvikelwa kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ezifweni nasezinambuzane ukuze uthole umkhiqizo wokuncintisana wekhwalithi enhle kakhulu ekuphumeni, kuphawula u-Andrey Ivashkin.
Uzohlwanyela ini
Ukuphela kuka-2018, izinhlobo ezingama-30 zamaqabunga ne-petiole nezinhlobo ezingama-31 zezimpande zesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi zifakiwe kwiRejista Yombuso Yezimpumelelo Zokuzala ezivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa eRussia. Lezi izinhlobo ikakhulukazi zamaDashi nezaseRussia. Ngasikhathi sinye, irejista ivuselelwa njalo ngezinhlobo ezintsha kanye nama-nzalo.
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlamvu ezixutshiwe ezifanele kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zomnotho othile kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile, u-Andrey Ivashkin uyaqiniseka. Phakathi kwezidingo eziyinhloko zezinhlobonhlobo kanye nama-hybridi wesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ubiza ukumelana nezifo nokuqhakaza, imicu embalwa (lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze izingongolo zingabi lukhuni futhi zibe lukhuni). Ngendlela, abathengi bakhetha kakhulu ama-petioles aluhlaza okotshani, amnandi futhi aqinile.
U-Andrey Ivashkin uphawula ukuthi izinhlobo nezinhlamvu zamaDashi zithandwa kakhulu ngabakhiqizi bezolimo. "Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu: banesivuno esikhulu, bayamelana kakhulu nezifo futhi banezikhathi ezimfushane zokuvuthwa," ubala. - Futhi nolunye uhlangothi oluhehayo lwezinhlobo zamaDashi nenzalo - inani elincane lamahlumela ohlangothini noma ukungabikho kwabo ngokuphelele nokumelana nezimo zezulu ezingezinhle.
Kuyafaneleka ukunaka imbewu ehlwanyelwe ngokukhethekile enombungu ovukile - ovuthiwe, kusho uchwepheshe. Bahluma ngokushesha - vele ngosuku lwe-4 ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Kuliqiniso, zifuna kakhulu ezimweni zokugcina (kufanele zigcinwe ezingeni lokushisa elingeqile ku-5 ° C) futhi zinempilo eshalofini emfushane - kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuye kwezi-6. "Imvamisa ithengwa ngabakhiqizi bezolimo abakhulu, ngoba baqinisekisiwe ukuthi bazovela ngokushesha nangokulinganayo, okuholela kumkhiqizo ofanayo," kuchaza u-Andrey Ivashkin. "Labo abanezindawo ezinkulu ngokuvamile abafuni ukuzibeka engcupheni, ngakho-ke bazimisele kakhulu ukuthenga imbewu efakazelwe." Uchwepheshe ukhumbuza ukuthi, ngokuya ngezinkambiso, izinga lokuhluma kwembewu kufanele libe ngaphezu kwama-70%, kuyilapho ezinhlobonhlobo zamaDashi kanye nenzalo lesi sibalo ngokuvamile siba okungenani ama-90-95%.
Kunoma ikuphi, abakhiqizi bezolimo kufanele bakhethe izinhlobo ezihlukanisiwe kanye nama-hybridi afakwe kwirejista evela kubahlinzeki abathembekile, uchwepheshe uphetha.
Thola umthengi wakho
Kunoma ikuphi ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo, ukhiye ukutshalwa kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme nokuhlelwa kokuthengiswa kwayo. Ngokuya kwabahlanganyeli bemakethe, bekungekho zinkinga ngokukhangiswa kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi eminyakeni yamuva nje. "Sithole abathengi ngawo wonke umthamo wemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo," kusho isazi sezolimo nesivuno esikhulu seFarmer Agrosoyuz Za Rodinu. "Isivuno sethu sokuqala esivela kumahektha amane sasingamathani angaba ngu-4." Ipulazi alisebenzi ngamaketanga ngqo - lonke ivolumu lithengiselwa abathengisi. "Amanye amaklayenti ethu asebenza nezitolo zamaketanga, amanye anezindawo zokudlela," kusho uSergey Korolev. "Asikwazi ukusebenza ngqo namanethiwekhi, ngoba ipulazi lethu elincane alikulungele ukuhlinzeka ngezinsiza kusebenza."
ERephabhliki yaseBelarus, ukuqaliswa kucishe kufane. “Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, sathengisa imikhiqizo yethu emakethe,” kukhumbula uVladimir Matusevich. "Futhi manje sisebenzisana nomthengisi futhi othenga imikhiqizo yonyaka kithina, kuthi ebusika asinikeze imikhiqizo efanayo evela phesheya." Umlimi uyaqiniseka ukuthi uma umkhiqizi ethola imakethe ezothengiswa, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi akhulayo kufanelekile. "Sidayisa imikhiqizo yethu ngentengo emaphakathi engu- $ 0,5-1 ngekhilogremu," uVladimir Matusevich wanelisekile. "Kepha kimi ingxenye yezomnotho ayibalulekile kangako: ngithola ukwaneliseka ngokutshala izitshalo ezahlukahlukene, futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu," kuphetha yena.
U-Andrey Ivashkin uyaqiniseka ukuthi ukuthandwa kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi phakathi kwabathengi kuzokhula kuphela. "Izindlela zokuphila ezinempilo zisemfashinini, futhi isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kungenye yokudla okunempilo cishe kuzo zonke izidlo," esho. - Lesi siko sinezinto eziningi eziwusizo, siqukethe amavithamini amaningi, usawoti wamaminerali, amafutha abalulekile, ama-phytoncides. " Ngenkathi impilo nobuhle busesidlangalaleni, kuzothengwa isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, onguchwepheshe akangabazi.
Ngokusondela kahle kwalesi sitshalo, kucatshangelwa amanani entengo akhona emakethe, ngokuya ngesivuno esimaphakathi esingu-40-70 t / ha futhi ngenxa yokukhula njalo kwesidingo esivela kumaketanga okuthengisa, singathembela ngokunenzuzo ngokuphephile Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi esilahliwe ezingeni lama-50-100%, empandeni - ezingeni lika-30-70%, sifingqa u-Andrey Ivashkin