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Akekho ongabaza isidingo sokuvikela amazambane ngesikhathi sokutshala kwawo. Kepha maqondana nesidingo esandayo emakethe yemikhiqizo yezemvelo enobungani, ephephile, abalimi babhekene nalo mbuzo - ungawavikela kanjani amazambane: ngezindlela zamakhemikhali noma zebhayoloji? Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yezolimo ivame ukunikela ukukhetha kumalungiselelo wezinto eziphilayo njengelinye amakhambi amakhemikhali.
Abasebenzi belebhu yokuqoqwa kwezakhi zofuzo ye-FGBNU VNIIBZR kwelinye lamabhizinisi ezolimo esifundeni saseKalininsky esifundeni saseKrasnodar benza ukuhlolwa kwesayensi kokusebenza kahle kokuvikela amazambane endaweni evulekile ngamalungiselelo wokukhiqizwa kwama-microbiological I-LLC "Biotehagro" (Timashevsk).
Amazambane Arrow atshalwe nge-2-line tepi kumapayipi amathathu - ukulawula, okujwayelekile, kokuhlola. Ubude besakhiwo ngasinye babungamamitha ayi-100.
Akukho mishini yokuvikela esetshenzisiwe endaweni yokulawula. Ngokwesakhiwo se "etalon", kwavikelwa uhlelo lokuvikelwa epulazini (kulungiswa uCelest TOP, KS; Ridomil Gold MC, VDG; Thanos, VDG). Esihlelweni "sokuhlangenwe nakho", imikhiqizo ye-biological yayisetshenziswa: Geostim, F; I-BSka-3, F; I-BFTIM KS-2, Zh; Insetim, uJ.
Zonke iziza zokuhlola zahlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile (ukufana kwenhlabathi ngokwemvelo yokuzala). Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlolwa, ama-tubers amazambane atshalwe ngoMashi 6, 2020.
Ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukufafaza ngaphambi kokutshala kwenhlabathi yesiza "sokuhlola" kwenziwa ngokulungiselela kweGeostim ngesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwe-1 l / ha.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kwenziwa lokhu okulandelayo: Ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi ngemvelo, ukuxilongwa kwezinto zembewu, ukuqaphela izitshalo zamazambane, ukuhlolwa kwamasampula ezitshalo ukuthola ubuthi besifo.
Ukunquma ukwakheka kwe-mycological kwenhlabathi kusuka endaweni yokuhlola entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokufakwa kwamalungiselelo we- "Biotechagro" nangemva kokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokuvikela, amasampula enhlabathi athathwa ngendlela esetshenziswayo. Njengomphumela wokuhlaziywa kwe-mycological amasampula enhlabathi, ama-micromycetes ngokukhethekile okuhlukile kwe-trophic ahlukaniswa futhi akhonjwa (Ithebula 1).
Ithebula 1 - Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-mycological amasampula enhlabathi ngo-2020
Insimu | I-CFU yamakhowe, izingcezu eziyinkulungwane kwigremu elilodwa lomhlabathi owomile ngokuphelele | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I-penicillium spp. | I-Aspergillus spp. | I-Trichoderma spp. | I-Fusarium spp. | I-Alternaria spp. | |
Ngaphambi kokufakwa kwezidakamizwa LLC "Biotehagro" 27.02.2020/XNUMX/XNUMX | 0.4 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Ngemuva kokwethulwa kwamalungiselelo Biotehagro LLC 08.06.2020/XNUMX/XNUMX | 0.1 | 0.45 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0 |
Ekuhlaziyeni kwenhlabathi, amaqembu amabili ama-micromycetes ahlukaniswa futhi akhonjwa. Iqembu le-pathogenic limelelwa isikhunta sohlobo I-Fusarium spp. FUTHI I-Alternaria spp. Iqembu le-saprotrophic lika-microscopic fungi limelelwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwesikhunta sohlobo I-Trichoderma, iPenicillium и I-Aspergillus.
Kokuhlukahluka ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yemvelo yenkampani yeBiotehagro, kuye kwancipha ukuhla kwe-CFU yesikhunta I-penicillium, I-Aspergillus, kanye nokungabikho ngokuphelele kwe-r. I-Alternaria... Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sampula, kukhuphuka inani lamakhowe we-r. I-Trichoderma kanye nenani elincane lamakhowe p. I-Fusarium.
Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi kwenhlabathi, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuguquguquka okuhle kwamakhowe kusuka ku-r. I-Trichoderma, kodwa-ke, lokhu akwanele ukukhuluma ngokucindezela okukhulu kwenhlabathi, ngoba isilinganiso esifanele samakhowe kusuka emfuleni. I-penicillium, I-Aspergillus и I-Trichoderma (1: 1: 3). Ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kweGeostim enhlabathini kunconyiwe.
Kokuhlukahluka ngohlelo lokuvikela lwenkampani iBiotehagro, ama-tubers amazambane aphathwa nge-BSka-3 ngesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwe-4 l / t ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukutshala lokhu kwenziwa ngumbethe ugandaganda i-KhTZ-181 (Fig. 2,3).
Ngokuhlukile ngohlelo lokuvikela epulazini, izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane zelashwa ngeCelest TOP, KS ngaphambi kokutshala. Amazambane abuye atshalwe ngogandaganda wesibungu.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa - 11.05.2020/15/20, lapho izitshalo zifinyelela kubude obungu-3-10 cm, ngokuhlukile ngokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokuvikela i-Biotechagro, izitshalo ezincane zafafazwa nge-prophylaxis ngokulungiselela kwe-BFTIM (XNUMX l / ha) - ngokumelene nezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe ngomkhiqizo wezinto eziphilayo kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-XNUMX.
Kokuhlukahluka ngohlelo lokuvikelwa kwepulazi, ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa, kwenziwa izindlela zokuzivikela ngomuthi i-Ridomil Gold MC, i-EDG njenge-prophylaxis.
Ngesikhathi sokuqapha i-phytosanitary of amazambane, izinambuzane kanye nezifo ze-phytopathogenic (i-Fig. 4).
Ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala (21.05), imiphumela ye-accounting yakhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo webhayoloji uvuselele ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamazambane biomass, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kwaqhamuka kwaba ngu-3,4 cm ukuphakama.Ngokuhlukahluka nokuvikelwa kwepulazi (okujwayelekile), indices zokuphakama kwesitshalo zazinomehluko omncane ( I-0,6 cm ngaphezulu) ngokuhambisana nohlelo lokuvikelwa ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo.
Izitshalo nge-1 m2 kuzo zonke izinto ezihlukile zokuhlolwa bekuyinto efanayo, noma kunjalo, inani leziqu ezishintshashintshayo nge-biosecurity laphenduka laba-3 ngaphezulu. qhathanisa nokulawula, no-1 pc. ngaphezu kwereferensi yenkomba.
Ngemuva kokuvunwa (ngoJuni 15.06), abasebenzi abasebenza elabhorethri banquma umthelela wemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ezihloliwe esakhiweni sesilimo, isivuno samazambane ngehektha ngalinye, kanye nezinkomba zekhwalithi yesitshalo.
Ngokwesiphetho sabo, inani elikhulu kakhulu lamazambane amazambane wezingcezu eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu (zokudla) atholakala ngokuhluka ngohlelo lwe-Biotechagro. Amahubhu engxenyeni enhle ekushintsheni kwe-biosecurity ayengaphansi kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa futhi amanye ayi-1 ahambelana nesethenjwa, noma kunjalo, isisindo samazambane amazinga engxenye enhle ku-Biotechagro variant ayephezulu. Isisindo se-tuber ku-biosecurity lahlukahluka kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-20 amagremu.
Umdwebo 5. Inani lezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ekulawuleni (a) nokuhlukile ngohlelo lokuvikela i- "Biotehagro" (b) U-fig. 6. Isisindo se-Tuber yengxenyeni enhle kusuka kokungafani ngohlelo lokuvikela lwebhayoloji
Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yemvelo kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwesivuno samazambane kusuka ku-1 ha (Ithebula 2).
Ithebula 2. Ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwamazambane we-Arrow lapho kubalwa ngesivuno, ngo-2020
Izinketho | Ukukhiqiza, c / ha | Ukwanda kwesivuno, c / ha |
Izilawuli | 78 | - |
Isipiliyoni | 235,3 | 157,3 |
Inkomba | 206 | 128 |
NDS 0,5 | 6,4 | - |
Isivuno esikhulu sabonwa ngokuhlukahluka ngokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo wezinto eziphilayo, lapho ukwanda kwakungu-157,3 c / ha maqondana nokulawula. Enguqulweni yesethenjwa, ukwanda kwesivuno bekungu-128,0 c / ha, okungaphansi komphumela otholwe kwisiza lapho uhlelo lokuvikela imvelo lwalusetshenziswa khona, ngu-29,3 c / ha.
Ukuhlola ikhwalithi yezentengiso nokucacisa izici zokunambitha zamazambane, amasampula amashubhu ezentengiso ayi-10 ejwayelekile yalokhu okuhlukahlukene athathwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ochwepheshe bahlukanisa wonke ama-prototypes njengemikhiqizo emihle nekhwalithi ephezulu enokunambitheka okuhle.
Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, okuqukethwe yisitashi, i-vithamini C, ne-nitrate nitrate ezilinganisweni zamazambane asekhulile kwanqunywa (Ithebula 3).
Ithebula 3. Okuqukethwe kwesitashi, amavithamini C, i-nitrate nitrate ku-Arrow amazambane amazambane
Izinketho | Initrate nitrogen, mg / kg | Okuqukethwe kukaVitamin C, mg / 100 g okunguhlaza | Okuqukethwe kwesitashi,% |
Izilawuli | 118 | 4,4 | 20,8 |
Isipiliyoni | 138 | 9,3 | 21,3 |
Inkomba | 187 | 7,9 | 21,2 |
NDS 0,5 | 9,5 | 6,4 | 11,0 |
Izindleko zemikhiqizo yokuvikela amazambane ngamanani entengo emakethe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa zifingqiwe kuthebula. 4.
Ithebula 4. Izindleko zemikhiqizo yokuvikela amazambane
Amalungiselelo LLC Biotehagro "isipiliyoni" | Inani elidingekayo lomuthi, l / ha | Amalungiselelo ohlelweni lokuvikela "i-etalon" | Inani elidingekayo lomuthi, l / ha | ||
IGeostim | 1 | UCeleste TOP, KS | 0,4 | ||
Okungapheli | 4 | I-Ridomil Gold MC, VDG | 5 | ||
BFTIM | 6 | I-Thanos, EDC | 1,2 | ||
I-BSka-3 | 4 | - | - | ||
Ukusuka etafuleni eliveziwe, singaphetha ngokuthi uhlelo lwezinto eziphilayo zokuvikela amazambane ama-Arrow lunenzuzo ethe xaxa kumakhemikhali (ejwayelekile), ngoba izindleko zezindlela zokuzivikela zincipha ngo-14247,8 rubles / ha, kanti isivuno siphakeme ngo-29,3 c / ha.
Ngokubheka iqiniso lokuthi intengo yamazambane asencane ngoJuni, ngokwesilinganiso, ingama-ruble ayi-17 / kg, ukwanda kwesivuno esizeni sokuhlola kuqhathaniswa nokwejwayelekile kuzokhuphula imali engenayo ngehektha ngalinye ngama-ruble angama-49810.
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kukhombisile ukuthi ukuvikela imvelo yamazambane kubiza kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvikelwa ngamakhemikhali: ngama-ruble angama-64058 ngehektha ngalinye, futhi lokhu ngaphandle kokubheka ukwehla komthwalo we-anthropogenic enhlabathini, imvelo, kubandakanya abantu.
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